Higher vegetable protein consumption, assessed by an isoenergetic macronutrient exchange model, is associated with a lower presence of overweight and obesity in the web-based Food4me European study

Navas‐Carretero, Santiago; San-Cristóbal, Rodrigo; Livingstone, Katherine M.; Celis‐Morales, Carlos; Marsaux, Cyril F. M.; Macready, Anna L.; Fallaize, Rosalind; O'Donovan, C.B.; Forster, Hannah; Woolhead, Clara; Moschonis, George; Lambrinou, Christina P.; Jarosz, Maciej; Μanios, Yannis; Daniel, Hannelore; Gibney, Eileen R.; Brennan, Lorraine; Walsh, Marianne C.; Drevon, Christian A.; Gibney, Mike; Lovegrove, Julie A.; Mathers, John C.; Martínéz, J. Alfredo

doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1492524

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The association is in contrary to diets high in animal protein. 38 The findings are also in accordance with observational studies and meta-analyses, which have described an association between a relatively low BMI and low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets, 10 including plant-based diets. 40 Plant-based diets are usually low in fats, particularly saturated fats, 40 as a natural consequence of the elimination of animal products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“… 38 Nonetheless, BMI is a helpful and frequently used measure on weight and weight alterations in larger populations. 38 , 39 Of note, a recent study reporting on effects of ad-libitum consumed low-fat plant-based diets supplemented with plant-based meal replacements on body composition, reported that low-fat plant based-diets eaten ad libitum enabled significant reduction of body fat and relative preservation of muscle mass. 18 This suggests that a plant-based diet pose beneficial changes to body composition that might not be visible only by a BMI measure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Using BMI as a marker for adiposity may also contribute to underestimations of normal weight individuals with a high amount of adipose tissue. 38 Nonetheless, BMI is a helpful and frequently used measure on weight and weight alterations in larger populations. 38,39 Of note, a recent study reporting on effects of ad-libitum consumed low-fat plant-based diets supplemented with plant-based meal replacements on body composition, reported that low-fat plant based-diets eaten ad libitum enabled significant reduction of body fat and relative preservation of muscle mass.…”

Section: Primary Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status: A Systematic Review</p>

Tran

Dale

Jensen

et al. 2020

DMSO

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There is an increasing number of people who convert to a plant-based diet. The desire for health benefits, including weight management, is often a contributing factor behind this dietary choice. The purpose of this review was to evaluate intervention studies assessing the effects of different plant-based diets on body mass index and weight. A literature search was conducted in PubMed until December 2019. Twenty-two publications from 19 studies were included. The majority of them were randomized controlled trials comparing a low-fat vegan diet to an omnivore diet in participants with overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/ or cardiovascular disease. All studies reported weight reductions, of which seven revealed significant differences, and four revealed non-significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. The results suggest that plant-based diets may improve weight status in some patient groups. Due to restrictions in fat intake in many studies, followed by reduced energy intake, the effects of the different interventions differ depending on the specific plantbased diets investigated. Future research should aim to include a representative study population and apply study diets without dietary restrictions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status: A Systematic Review</p>

Tran

Dale

Jensen

et al. 2020

DMSO

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“…In favor of whether plant-based diets benefit obese patients, Navas-Carretero and colleagues exploited the Food4Me study [ 36 ]. This study included 2413 European adult participants who completed online surveys of morphological data, dietary intake, and medical comorbidities at multiple time points during a 6 month intervention of personalized nutrition [ 37 ]. Comparing the population using a 25 kg/m 2 BMI cut-off, authors revealed subjects with the highest BMI had the highest animal protein consumption and the less vegetable protein one; moreover, substituting 1% of animal protein by vegetable protein reduced the risk of becoming overweight or obese.…”

Section: Using Proteins To Treat Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment

Simonson

Boirie‌

Guillet

2020

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Dietary proteins have been used for years to treat obesity. Body weight loss is beneficial when it concerns fat mass, but loss of fat free massespecially muscle might be detrimental. This occurs because protein breakdown predominates over synthesis, thus administering anabolic dietary compounds like proteins might counter fat free mass loss while allowing for fat mass loss. Indeed, varying the quantity of proteins will decrease muscle anabolic response and increase hyperphagia in rodents fed a low protein diet; but it will favor lean mass maintenance and promote satiety, in certain age groups of humans fed a high protein diet. Beyond protein quantity, protein source is an important metabolic regulator: whey protein and plant based diets exercize favorable effects on the risk of developing obesity, body composition, metabolic parameters or fat free mass preservation of obese patients. Specific amino-acids like branched chain amino acids (BCAA), methionine, tryptophan and its metabolites, and glutamate can also positively influence parameters and complications of obesity especially in rodent models, with less studies translating this in humans. Tuning the quality and quantity of proteins or even specific amino-acids can thus be seen as a potential therapeutic intervention on the body composition, metabolic syndrome parameters and appetite regulation of obese patients. Since these effects vary across age groups and much of the data comes from murine models, long-term prospective studies modulating proteins and amino acids in the human diet are needed.

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“…In the last few years many studies started to questioning the effects of animal (e.g., meat and dairy products) and plant (e.g., grains and legumes) proteins intake on risk to develop cardiovascular disease and cancer [112,113]. In a recent meta-analysis proteins intake from plants is associated with a decrease risk of diabetes, whereas animal proteins with an increase of it [114,115].…”

Section: High Protein Diet In Nafld Cure or Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Protein Diet and Metabolic Plasticity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Myths and Truths

2019

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation within the liver affecting 1 in 4 people worldwide. As the new silent killer of the twenty-first century, NAFLD impacts on both the request and the availability of new liver donors. The liver is the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous metabolites and toxins. It also retains the ability to switch between different metabolic pathways according to food type and availability. This ability becomes a disadvantage in obesogenic societies where most people choose a diet based on fats and carbohydrates while ignoring vitamins and fiber. The chronic exposure to fats and carbohydrates induces dramatic changes in the liver zonation and triggers the development of insulin resistance. Common believes on NAFLD and different diets are based either on epidemiological studies, or meta-analysis, which are not controlled evidences; in most of the cases, they are biased on test-subject type and their lifestyles. The highest success in reverting NAFLD can be attributed to diets based on high protein instead of carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss the impact of NAFLD on body metabolic plasticity. We also present a detailed analysis of the most recent studies that evaluate high-protein diets in NAFLD with a special focus on the liver and the skeletal muscle protein metabolisms.

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Higher vegetable protein consumption, assessed by an isoenergetic macronutrient exchange model, is associated with a lower presence of overweight and obesity in the web-based Food4me European study

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

<p>Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status: A Systematic Review</p>

<p>Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status: A Systematic Review</p>

Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment

High Protein Diet and Metabolic Plasticity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Myths and Truths

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