Highlighting Health Disparities in Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Other Underserved Populations

Gwede, Clement K.; Quinn, Gwendolyn P.; Green, B Lee

doi:10.1177/107327481602300402

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The goal of this research was to examine the effect of a brief (90-min plus one booster session) stress-focused wise intervention on affect, sleep, and performance during final exams for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Research suggests that understudied (e.g., Adler et al, 1994) and underserved populations (Gwede et al, 2016) are particularly exposed to stress that can negatively affect their health (Cheadle et al, 2020; Williams et al, 2010). We find that, among a sample of high-achieving college students, two-thirds of whom were Black, Latinx, or Native American, those receiving a stress-mindset intervention experienced similar levels of exam-week positive affect, negative affect, sleep, and performance compared with those receiving a stress-management intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thriving under pressure: The effects of stress-related wise interventions on affect, sleep, and exam performance for college students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Goyer¹,

Akinola²,

Grunberg³

et al. 2022

Emotion

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Nearly all students experience stress as they pursue important academic goals. Because stress can be magnified for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, it becomes important to identify interventions that can help mitigate this stress, particularly for these populations as they enter academic environments. We examine the effects of stress mindset and stress management interventions administered to students from disadvantaged backgrounds (N = 140) before freshman year. We compare effects on affect, sleep, and performance during end-of-year exams seen in a subset of these students who could be tracked via experience sampling (N = 57) to those of a comparison group at the same elite university (N = 74) receiving no such stress interventions. As predicted, we find significant differences in exam-week positive affect between the stress mindset and comparison groups. However, there was no difference in positive affect between the stress mindset and management groups or the stress management and comparison groups. For negative affect, stress, sleep, and exam performance, we find no significant differences between any of the three groups. However, both stress interventions decoupled the significant negative association between exam-week stress and exam performance exhibited by the comparison group, rendering the relationship nonsignificant. The reduction in this association was somewhat more pronounced for the mindset relative to the management group. These findings suggest that mindset and management approaches both confer benefits in certain circumstances and highlight the potential value of targeting mindsets about stress using a “wise intervention” approach for students from disadvantaged backgrounds during stressful times.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thriving under pressure: The effects of stress-related wise interventions on affect, sleep, and exam performance for college students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Goyer¹,

Akinola²,

Grunberg³

et al. 2022

Emotion

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“…Ensuring equity in cancer health outcomes for patients is a multiply determined problem, compounded by various layers of difference. Gwede et al (2016) summarize the unifying problem of cancer care disparities, indicating, “a common thread in health disparities specific to cancer is their multidimensionality and complex nature: covering the lifespan, across the continuum of cancer care from prevention to survivorship, and transcending socioecological and transcultural contexts” (Gwede et al , 2016, p. 232). By expanding traditional concepts of diversity and considering them in various contexts and interactions over time, an organized institutional intervention aimed at halting cancer health disparities can be realized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layers of difference: a cancer center’s approach to minimizing cancer health disparity

Chachula

Grant

Antolino

et al. 2017

IJHRH

Self Cite

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of a multifaceted institutional approach to minimizing cancer health disparities, presenting a novel organizational framework entitled, “A.C.C.E.S.S.” to guide those efforts. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a case study of an organization that operates under the theory that cancer health disparities are a result of the cumulative incongruence of differences that exist between people in various contexts and interactions over time. Consequently, the A.C.C.E.S.S. framework is used to demonstrate the range of opportunities within an organization to intervene and mitigate gaps that result in inequality. Findings Addressing A.C.C.E.S.S. in various interactions and contexts over a sustained period of time results in a continuous improvement cycle that attenuates cancer health disparity. Originality/value The antecedents and impacts of cancer health disparities are well documented. However, there is a dearth of directionality for institutions and organizations in achieving equality in cancer treatment and care. This paper provides a framework to consider in organizing such endeavors.

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“…In the United States, health disparities across racial and ethnic minoritized groups are well-known and have been extensively documented in the literature [ 1 , 2 ]. Clinical trials are available to help improve health outcomes through the identification of effective therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and pilot implementation of guidelines for culturally tailored research recruitment materials for African Americans and Latinos

Cunningham-Erves

Kusnoor

Villalta-Gil

et al. 2022

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Background Previous studies support cultural tailoring of recruitment materials as a strategy to promote the enrollment of minoritized groups in clinical trials. However, there is a lack of guidance for research teams to create culturally tailored materials, potentially contributing to low recruitment rates of minoritized groups. We describe the development and pilot testing of recruitment material guidelines used to culturally tailor clinical trial recruitment materials targeting African Americans and Latinos. Methods The guideline development team consisted of investigators, research staff, and community leaders and members experienced in the recruitment and community engagement of minoritized groups. The recruitment material guidelines were developed using the literature, focus groups with African Americans and Latinos, the teams’ research experience, and guidance from a community advisory board. To assess the effectiveness of the guidelines, a pilot study was conducted comparing advertisement click-through rates and enrollment outcomes between two institutions differing in use of culturally tailored versus non-tailored Facebook banner ads for the “Aspirin Dosing: A Patient-centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long-Term Effectiveness” (ADAPTABLE) study. Results Five themes emerged from focus groups: (1) employ diversity and inclusion in recruitment efforts; (2) access multiple recruitment channels to increase reach and possible participation; (3) increase your “footwork”; (4) personalize outreach and recruitment to specific groups’ beliefs and values; (5) align recruitment messaging with language preferences and motivations for study participation; and (6) specify incentives for participation. Guidelines were: 1) be inclusive; 2) use all forms of media; 3) take a personalized approach; 4) align recruitment messaging with motivations for study participation; 5) specify incentives; and 6) get out into the community. Additional guidelines were developed addressing specific considerations for images and language when targeting African American and Latino populations. Pilot study results demonstrated that clicks per impression ratio (0.47 clicks per impression vs. 0.03 clicks per impression) and the percentage of African American enrollment were significantly higher when using tailored compared to non-tailored ads (12.8% vs. 8.3%, respectively). Conclusion The recruitment material guidelines offer practical recommendations to reach diverse populations for clinical trial participation more effectively. Our preliminary data supports use of these guidelines as a strategy to enhance recruitment of minoritized groups into clinical research studies.

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Highlighting Health Disparities in Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Other Underserved Populations

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Thriving under pressure: The effects of stress-related wise interventions on affect, sleep, and exam performance for college students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Thriving under pressure: The effects of stress-related wise interventions on affect, sleep, and exam performance for college students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Layers of difference: a cancer center’s approach to minimizing cancer health disparity

Development and pilot implementation of guidelines for culturally tailored research recruitment materials for African Americans and Latinos

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