Highlights from Science Policy Interface sessions at the One Health Congress 2020

Vanlangendonck, Chris; Mackenzie, John S.; Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.

doi:10.1186/s42522-020-00033-4

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…International organizations are developing tracking systems that seek to enhance surveillance and reporting at the global level (e.g., the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System [ GLASS ]). Long-term, the AMR digital detection interface launched in 2020 through the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED) may collate future emergence events and can consider antimicrobial use and other relevant metadata examined in this study to support trend analysis 25 . Finally, improved attention to AMR emergence is in line with the prevention-oriented focus of the Action Package on AMR under the Global Health Security Agenda, a partnership of 70+ countries working to strengthen capacities to make the world safe against infectious disease threats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global repository of novel antimicrobial emergence events

et al. 2021

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Despite considerable global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), data on the global emergence of new resistance genotypes in bacteria has not been systematically compiled. We conducted a study of English-language scientific literature (2006-2017) and ProMED-mail disease surveillance reports (1994-2017) to identify global events of novel AMR emergence (first clinical reports of unique drug-bacteria resistance combinations). We screened 24,966 abstracts and reports, ultimately identifying 1,757 novel AMR emergence events from 268 peer-reviewed studies and 26 disease surveillance reports (294 total). Events were reported in 66 countries, with most events in the United States (152), China (128), and India (127). The most common bacteria demonstrating new resistance were Klebsiella pneumoniae (344) and Escherichia coli (218). Resistance was most common against antibiotic drugs imipenem (89 events), ciprofloxacin (84) and ceftazidime (83). We provide an open-access database of emergence events with standardized fields for bacterial species, drugs, location, and date. We discuss the impact of reporting and surveillance bias on database coverage, and we suggest guidelines for data analysis. This database may be broadly useful for understanding rates and patterns of AMR evolution, identifying global drivers and correlates, and targeting surveillance and interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global repository of novel antimicrobial emergence events

et al. 2021

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“…They provide for 98% of the oxygen we breathe and, being the basis of the trophic network, for 80% of the food we eat. Plants are also primary sources for drugs, textile fibers, and other essentials for human life, and they are pivotal in the interactions among the environment, humans, and animals [ 2 ]. Unfortunately, insect abundance and abiotic factors, including salinity, radiation, and extremes in temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) levels may have strong impacts on the survival rate of the plants [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Wearable Sensors Based on FBG Technology for Growth and Microclimate Monitoring

Presti

Cimini

Massaroni

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Plants are primary resources for oxygen and foods whose production is fundamental for our life. However, diseases and pests may interfere with plant growth and cause a significant reduction of both the quality and quantity of agriculture products. Increasing agricultural productivity is crucial for poverty reduction and food security improvements. For this reason, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives a central role to agriculture by promoting a strong technological innovation for advancing sustainable practices at the plant level. To accomplish this aim, recently, wearable sensors and flexible electronics have been extended from humans to plants for measuring elongation, microclimate, and stressing factors that may affect the plant’s healthy growth. Unexpectedly, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which are very popular in health monitoring applications ranging from civil infrastructures to the human body, are still overlooked for the agriculture sector. In this work, for the first time, plant wearables based on FBG technology are proposed for the continuous and simultaneous monitoring of plant growth and environmental parameters (i.e., temperature and humidity) in real settings. The promising results demonstrated the feasibility of FBG-based sensors to work in real situations by holding the promise to advance continuous and accurate plant health growth monitoring techniques.

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“…In addition to the consensus that human, environmental, and animal health should not be viewed separately but as a whole (the “One Health” concept) ( Yasobant et al, 2019 ), the existence of SARS-CoV-2 in cetaceans (whales and dolphins) raised a further dimension of the ongoing pandemic ( Mathavarajah et al, 2021 ; Tiwari et al, 2020 ). COVID-19 infections of marine mammals have been confirmed through structural analysis of the protein sequences of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2), the main point of attack of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ( Damas et al, 2020 ; Delahay et al, 2021 ). Although there is not enough evidence in Indian perspectives to suggest the threat to aquatic biodiversity because of SARS-CoV-2, several epidemiologists/marine researchers have identified that captive marine mammals (such as cetaceans, fissipeds, and pinnipeds) could get infected with SARS CoV-2 through wastewater ( Delahay et al, 2021 ; Guo et al, 2021 ; Mathavarajah et al, 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 infections of marine mammals have been confirmed through structural analysis of the protein sequences of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2), the main point of attack of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ( Damas et al, 2020 ; Delahay et al, 2021 ). Although there is not enough evidence in Indian perspectives to suggest the threat to aquatic biodiversity because of SARS-CoV-2, several epidemiologists/marine researchers have identified that captive marine mammals (such as cetaceans, fissipeds, and pinnipeds) could get infected with SARS CoV-2 through wastewater ( Delahay et al, 2021 ; Guo et al, 2021 ; Mathavarajah et al, 2021 ). They have hypothesized that the social behavior of marine mammals, the transmission of the virus to mucous membranes from wastewater discharge sites (from fecal shedding), and close contact with asymptomatically infected caretakers may induce the risk of infection through water (Larsen and Wigginton, 2020; Khan et al, 2020 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have hypothesized that the social behavior of marine mammals, the transmission of the virus to mucous membranes from wastewater discharge sites (from fecal shedding), and close contact with asymptomatically infected caretakers may induce the risk of infection through water (Larsen and Wigginton, 2020; Khan et al, 2020 ). The South Asian River dolphins ( Platanista gangetica ) are regarded as the national aquatic animal of India, and wildlife experts have long warned about possible threats to their existence due to excessive water pollution, anthropogenic activities, and commercial water transportation services ( Delahay et al, 2021 ; Paudel and Koprowski, 2020 ; Tiwari et al, 2020 ). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gangetic river dolphins and Gharials ( Gavialis gangeticus ) were already listed under the “endangered” and “critically endangered” categories before the COVID-19 pandemic ( Sinha et al, 2014 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mega festivals like MahaKumbh, a largest mass congregation, facilitated the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans and endangered animals via contaminated water

Patel

Mukherjee

Leifels

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Our surrounding environment has been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The second wave of COVID-19 in India has proven to be more devastating and aggressive than the first wave of the pandemic, which led to recognizing India as one of the world's topmost worst-hit nations considering >4000 fatalities reported in a single day in May 2021. Such “resurgence and acceleration” of COVID-19 transmission has been fuelled by the MahaKumbh festival and political mass gathering (elections rallies) events, where the COVID-19 protocols have been ignored by millions of pilgrims/followers. The present review discusses only the consequences of this year's MahaKumbh festivals, the largest religious mass gathering on earth, which was held during the COVID-19 pandemic in India, and its impact on both the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among participants and their families and its influence on the quality of the river Ganga. This article tries to give readers outside of India an overview of how much impact of any such single large gathering of any relgion in any part of the world can drive coronavirus infections and effectively commence the second/third wave outbreak with this case study. Furthermore, the religious large scale celebration are widely accepted through out the world that have played a significant role in the spread of the pandemic into remote villages and towns all over the subcontinent/world, thus affecting many areas with insufficient healthcare facilities that have been relatively spared. This review also highlights the potential risk of transmission from infected humans into the aquatic environment of the river Ganga. Besides the obvious relevance of SARS-CoV-2, a large variety of other water-related disease vectors (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa) stemming from visitors to the religious congregation were introduced into the upstream regions of the Ganga river. Their sheer number is assumed to have had a severe influence on its delicate ecosystem, including endangered mammals such as the river Dolphins. The detailed epidemiological and clinical study on transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 is the need of the hour to understand the pathogenesis of RNA virus infection and prevent the massive spreading of such infectious respiratory diseases. An interdisciplinary approach, rooted in evidence-based efficient learning, contextual strategies, and a streamlined unified approach should be adopted to help in the development of a proactive prevention model during future MahaKumbh festival (and similar religious gatherings) instead of just “picking up the pieces” in a conventional post-event model.

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Highlights from Science Policy Interface sessions at the One Health Congress 2020

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

A global repository of novel antimicrobial emergence events

A global repository of novel antimicrobial emergence events

Plant Wearable Sensors Based on FBG Technology for Growth and Microclimate Monitoring

Mega festivals like MahaKumbh, a largest mass congregation, facilitated the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans and endangered animals via contaminated water

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