Palladium
nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully deposited on surface-modified
metal oxides (mod-MO
x
, M = Hf, Ti, Zr,
Ce, and Al) and applied as catalyst materials for lean methane combustion.
It was found that the surface modification of support materials improved
the light-off performance of 1.0Pd/mod-HfO2 (palladium
catalyst supported on surface-modified HfO2 with a content
of 1.0 wt %), 1.0Pd/mod-ZrO2, and 1.0Pd/mod-CeO2, but lowered the purification efficiency of 1.0Pd/mod-TiO2 and 1.0Pd/mod-Al2O3 when compared with their
1.0Pd/MOx counterparts. Over the best-performing 1.0Pd/mod-HfO2 material, 90% of methane was removed at 317 °C and a
space velocity of 60 000 mL g–1 h–1, which was 120 °C lower than that required for the untreated
1.0Pd/HfO2 sample. Detailed characterization of representative
HfO2-related materials showed that the introduced silicon
modifier materials, which existed as an amorphous phase covering the
HfO2 surface, could improve the dispersion of palladium
nanoparticles due to their steric confinement and strengthen the generation
of surface-adsorbed oxygen species via electron transfer. We believe
that this surface modification strategy, which could promote the catalytic
performance of palladium nanoparticles supported on other cost-effective
host materials as well, provides a feasible method for the design
of methane combustion catalysts with excellent low-temperature performance.