“…Nanoparticles (NPs) can offer an alternative possible solution to battle MDR pathogens [ 22 , 23 ]. In fact, NPs with a size of less than 100 nm show a higher toxicity due to their exclusive possessions [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Several NPs, including silver (Ag) and gold (Au) NPs (and also copper (Cu) NPs [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], zinc ( Zn ) NPs [ 30 , 32 , 33 ], Nickel ( Ni ) NPs [ 34 ], platinum (Pt) NPs [ 35 ], and palladium (Pd) NPs [ 32 , 34 ]), have exposed different antimicrobial activities based on the physicochemical properties of each metal nanomaterial.…”