Varicocele (VC), considered a correctable reason for male infertility, is defined as testicular pathology caused by anomalous elongation and/or dilatation of the pampiniform veniplex (Antonuccio et al., 2021). Patients with VC are mostly asymptomatic; however, some present with scrotal pain and testicular atrophy (Lomboy & Coward, 2016). Therefore, it has been widely concerned because of its association with infertility, testicular atrophy and scrotum pain discomfort. VC occurs mostly on the left side and minimally on the right side; the proportions of left, right and bilateral are 77%-92%, <1% and 7%-22%, respectively (Zhao et al., 2021). At present, numerous factors such as oxidative stress, hormonal confusion, elevated scrotal temperature, autoimmunity, inverse flow of gonadotoxic metabolites and altered blood flow have been proposed to be involved in VC pathology (Hassanin et al., 2018;Naughton et al., 2001). Microscopic VC resection is highly effective for reducing recurrence and complications in patients with VC, and testicular pain can be effectively treated by microscopic subinguinal VC resection (Al-Gadheeb et al., 2021;Zini, 2007). The prevalence of VC in the general population, primary infertile men and secondary infertile men is 15%-20%, 21%-41% and 75%-81%, respectively (Li, Liu et al., 2021). In addition, studies have shown that VC can reduce sperm function and reduce sperm quality, including sperm morphology, concentration and motility (Agarwal et al., 2021;Wu et al., 2014), thereby resulting in dyszoospermia. The dyszoospermia