Highly concentrated HCl and NaOH from brines using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Herrero-Gonzalez, Marta; Díaz-Guridi, Pedro; Domínguez-Ramos, Antonio; Irabien, Ángel; Ibáñez, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116785

Cited by 58 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…It was shown that renewable energies can be crucial for an overall process sustainability. However, though photovoltaic energy reduced the carbon footprint of the BMED-distillation process, it was still higher than that of industrial production from H 2 -Cl 2 reaction, excluding the contribution of the transportation [526].…”

Section: Bwro Brine and Swro Brinementioning

confidence: 95%

“…In overflow configuration, the manipulation of flow rate for pH control resulted in a drop in E spec from 7.3 kWh/kg acid (reference case at constant current) to 4.4 kWh/kg at variable current. An acid stream at a constant concentration of~1 M HCl was produced for 30 h. Other BMED experiments produced up to 3.31 M HCl and 3.65 NaOH (from 1 M NaCl feed) [526]. E spec was in the range 21.8-41.0 kWh/kg HCl at constant currents, and 26.7-43.5 kWh/kg HCl at variable currents.…”

Section: Bwro Brine and Swro Brinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.

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Section: Bwro Brine and Swro Brinementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Bwro Brine and Swro Brinementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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“…Both chemicals are consumed in highly variable amounts. For example, an SWRO plant located in the Mediterranean area requires 0.2-0.5 g•m −3 of freshwater of HCl and 30-60 g•m −3 of freshwater of NaOH [33]. Although H 2 SO 4 is commonly used in desalination plants due to its low price, it has certain disadvantages, such as the high scaling potential of sulfate [62,63], so replacing it with HCl is an interesting alternative, even more so if an in-situ production is considered.…”

Section: Alternative A1-chemicals Towards Self-supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

Herrero-Gonzalez

Ibáñez

2021

Applied Sciences

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Electro-membrane technologies are versatile processes that could contribute towards more sustainable seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination in both freshwater production and brine management, facilitating the recovery of materials and energy and driving the introduction of the circular economy paradigm in the desalination industry. Besides the potential possibilities, the implementation of electro-membrane technologies remains a challenge. The aim of this work is to present and evaluate different alternatives for harvesting renewable energy and the recovery of chemicals on an SWRO facility by means of electro-membrane technology. Acid and base self-supply by means of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes is considered, together with salinity gradient energy harvesting by means of reverse electrodialysis and pH gradient energy by means of reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. The potential benefits of the proposed alternatives rely on environmental impact reduction is three-fold: (a) water bodies protection, as direct brine discharge is avoided, (b) improvements in the climate change indicator, as the recovery of renewable energy reduces the indirect emissions related to energy production, and (c) reduction of raw material consumption, as the main chemicals used in the facility are produced in-situ. Moreover, further development towards an increase in their technology readiness level (TRL) and cost reduction are the main challenges to face.

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“…However, such a process may be further improved by including the bipolar membranes. Bipolar membranes are composed by a Cation Exchange Layer (CEL) and an Anion Exchange Layer (AEL) connected by a catalytic interlayer and are usually adopted to produce/regenerate acid and base solutions from a salt stream by the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BMED) process [45][46][47][48][49], via water dissociation (H 2 O → H + + OH − ) under an applied electric field. Making an analogy with the p-n semiconductors junction, bipolar membrane (BPM) is under reverse bias condition during the BMED process [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis

et al. 2020

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Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a maximum power density of ~17 W m−2 was obtained at 100 A m−2 with a 10-triplet stack with a flow velocity of 1 cm s−1, while an energy density of ~10 kWh m−3 acid could be extracted by a complete neutralization. Parasitic currents along feed and drain manifolds significantly affected the performance of the stack when equipped with a higher number of triplets. The apparent permselectivity at 1 M acid and base decreased from 93% with the five-triplet stack to 54% with the 38-triplet stack, which exhibited lower values (~35% less) of power density. An important role may be played also by the presence of NaCl in the acidic and alkaline solutions. With a low number of triplets, the added salt had almost negligible effects. However, with a higher number of triplets it led to a reduction of 23.4–45.7% in power density. The risk of membrane delamination is another aspect that can limit the process performance. However, overall, the present results highlight the high potential of BMRED systems as a productive way of neutralizing waste solutions for energy harvesting.

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Highly concentrated HCl and NaOH from brines using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis

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