Highly Conductive and Dispersible Polyaniline Microtubes Controlled by Methyl Orange

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the best-known conductive polymers that has been widely studied due to its ease of synthesis, low cost, and tunable conductivity. However, it is still challenging to synthesize dispersible and highly electroconductive PANIs with high aspect ratios. This research provides a facile onestep synthetic method assisted by an organic dye, methyl orange (MO), to obtain high aspect ratios (the ratio could reach 20) in PANI structures. The presence of MO contributes to microtubes' morphology, enhancing their electrical conductivity from 0.5 to 4.6 S cm −1 , which is 8 times that of spherical PANI nanoparticles. The electrical properties and processability of the PANI microtubes were well explored simultaneously. The PANI microtubes can reach high conductive levels and maintain stable electrical performance for over 30 days. In addition, the PANI microtubes could be dispersed in a wide range of organic solvents and water. These functionalities enable them to act as conductive fillers to be effectively combined with silver flakes in thermoplastic polyurethane resins for fabricating conductive composites. Adding the PANI microtubes combined with silver flakes as conductive fillers in polyurethane, the resistivity of the composites can decrease to 1/1900 of those filled only with the same mass ratio of silver flakes, showing their great potential in reinforcing resins.

Inkjet Printing with (Semi)conductive Conjugated Polymers: A Review

“…The most common PANI, including the commercial samples, consists of linear polyaniline macromolecules in a semi-oxidized state called emeraldine (Figure 7). Protonated emeraldine or emeraldine salt (ES) possesses the highest electrical conductivity of up to 10 S cm −1 [64]. Deprotonation of the ES, usually with NH4OH, affords the The electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS as obtained reaches the order of 1 S cm −1 , and can be further improved by a well-established procedure of post-treatment with highboiling-point solvents or surfactants.…”

“…The most common PANI, including the commercial samples, consists of linear polyaniline macromolecules in a semi-oxidized state called emeraldine (Figure 7). Protonated emeraldine or emeraldine salt (ES) possesses the highest electrical conductivity of up to 10 S cm −1 [64]. Deprotonation of the ES, usually with NH 4 OH, affords the emeraldine base (EB) with 7-10 orders of magnitude lower conductivity.…”

Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)—A Critical Review

“…On the other hand, attaching charged groups to the ring (e.g., sulfonated polyaniline [ 33 ]) makes the polymer soluble in aqueous solution. Polyanilines show high conductivity (up to 300 S/cm [ 34 ]), show two redox processes and protonation/deprotonation equilibrium. Additionally, they show optical absorption bands in the UV and visible–NIR parts of the spectrum [ 35 ].…”

Oxidation-Resistant Metallic Bismuth Nanoparticles for Electrically Conductive Adhesives

“…These features make them promising as complementary conductive fillers in electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs). ECAs have become the first choice in the past few decades to replace the dangerous Sn–Pb solder. − Because of its high conductivity and low processing temperature, it has been widely used in the manufacturing process of various electronic devices. − To prepare high-performance ECAs, silver nanoparticles are widely introduced into ECAs as extra fillers to improve conductivity. , In this study, the costly silver nanoparticles can be substituted by high-quality Bi nanoparticles. This groundbreaking approach represents the first utilization of cost-effective and stable Bi nanoparticles as an alternative conductive filler, surpassing the need for expensive silver nanoparticles, and ultimately aiming to enhance the performance of ECAs.…”