Highly conductive epoxy/graphite composites for bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Du, Ling; Jana, Sadhan C.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.05.088

Cited by 155 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A weight-loss of about 60 wt % was obtained for P(bisMEP)/BC_1 and P(bisMEP)/BC_2 at temperatures up to 800 • C. Despite the reduction of the thermal stability of both nanocomposites in comparison with P(bisMEP) and BC, they are still thermally stable up to about 200 • C (loss of ca. 6 wt %), which is higher than the standard (<100 • C) and maximum (<140 • C) operating temperatures of the PEFCs technology [14,40]. Moreover, these results are comparable to those reported for BC-based membranes containing the cross-linked poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate) (PMOEP) as the polyelectrolyte [21], which is the diprotic acid version of the P(bisMEP) homopolymer.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 68%

Poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate)/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

et al. 2018

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Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a substrate for the design of bio-based ion exchange membranes with an excellent combination of conductive and mechanical properties for application in devices entailing functional ion conducting elements. In this context, the present study aims at fabricating polyelectrolyte nanocomposite membranes based on poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate) [P(bisMEP)] and BC via the in-situ free radical polymerization of bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (bisMEP) inside the BC three-dimensional network under eco-friendly reaction conditions. The resulting polyelectrolyte nanocomposites exhibit thermal stability up to 200 • C, good mechanical performance (Young's modulus > 2 GPa), water-uptake ability (79-155%) and ion exchange capacity ([H + ] = 1.1-3.0 mmol g −1 ). Furthermore, a maximum protonic conductivity of ca. 0.03 S cm −1 was observed for the membrane with P(bisMEP)/BC of 1:1 in weight, at 80 • C and 98% relative humidity. The use of a bifunctional monomer that obviates the need of using a cross-linker to retain the polyelectrolyte inside the BC network is the main contribution of this study, thus opening alternative routes for the development of bio-based polyelectrolyte membranes for application in e.g., fuel cells and other devices based on proton separators.

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Section: Thermal Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 68%

Poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate)/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

et al. 2018

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“…The combination of EG, CB and GP grants a synergistic effect on electrical conductivity, which facilitates composite plates with high electrical conductivity at reduced filler content [40]. It is noteworthy that at the same filler content, EG/CB/GP/phenolic resin composite plates show electrical conductivities much higher than that the conductivities of EG/polymer composite bipolar plates, as reported in earlier studies [3,30,40,41]. Essentially, the electrical conductivity of polymer composites depends upon conducting channels, the contact distance between the filler particles, and the electrical conductivity of filler itself [42][43][44].…”

Section: Electrical Conductivity Of Eg/cb/gp/phenolic Resin Compositessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…At low filler content, the synergistic effect of EG, CB and GP produces strong conducting network in phenolic resin in comparison to single filler (EG) as illustrated by a schematic in Figure 7. The CB and GP particles can easily fill the empty space (microvoids) and gaps between EG sheets, thus facilitate more electrical channels [41]. The smaller sized CB particles can effectively influence electrical conductivity due to its high surface area, highly branched and hollow structures, and small aggregate size.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivity Of Eg/cb/gp/phenolic Resin Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Carbon Fillers of Phenolic Resin Based Composite Bipolar Plates on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

Gautam

Kar

2016

Fuel Cells

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The most essential and costly component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the bipolar plate. The production of suitable composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with good mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity is scientifically and technically very challenging. This paper reports the development of composite bipolar plates using exfoliated graphite, carbon black, and graphite powder in resole-typed phenol formaldehyde. The exfoliated graphite with maximum exfoliated volume of 570 + 10 mL g -1 used in this study was prepared by microwave irradiation of chemically intercalated natural flake graphite in a few minutes. The composite plates were prepared by varying exfoliated graphite content from 10 to 35 wt.% in phenolic resin along with fixed weight percentage of carbon black (5 wt.%) and graphite powder (3 wt.%) by compression molding. The composite plates own desired mechanical properties with low bulk density, high electrical conductivity, and good thermal stability as per the U.S. department of energy targets at low filler concentration and can be used as bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

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“…Adding nanofillers in an amount that exceeds the percolation threshold allows to improve their electrical and thermal conductive properties for application in the field of electronics [14][15][16][17][18]. In this context, the potential of EG to improve the performance of Fuel cells has been reported by [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Thermally Expanded Graphite (TEG) nanocomposites

Sahli

Cablé

Chetehouna

et al. 2017

Composites Part B: Engineering

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In this study, TEG-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposites were prepared.The structural properties of the PTFE/TEG composites were then investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Subsequently, the thermal stability, thermal resistance of the composites were studied through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD results allowed to report a high degree of dispersion of the TEG inside of the PTFE matrix. Moreover, milling at high temperature was found to enhance the dispersion of the TEG inside of the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the results revealed an increase of the glass-transition temperature when using an increased concentration of TEG. This result confirms that the degradation of the TEG/PTFE nanocomposite occurs at a higher temperature with a greater TEG loading. These finds give an indication of the potential of TEG to improve the thermal properties and durability of PTFE, for instance with application in the field of aeronautics.

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Highly conductive epoxy/graphite composites for bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 155 publications

References 28 publications

Poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate)/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

Poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate)/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

Synergistic Effects of Carbon Fillers of Phenolic Resin Based Composite Bipolar Plates on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

Preparation and characterization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Thermally Expanded Graphite (TEG) nanocomposites

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