Highly deoxynivalenol contaminated oats and immune function in horses

Khol-Parisini, A.; Hellweg, Petra; Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahim; Saalmüller, Armin; Strasser, Alois; Tichy, Alexander; Zentek, Jürgen

doi:10.1080/1745039x.2012.672220

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…DON is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor (Rotter et al 1996), and the liver represents one of the target tissues. In agreement with Raymond et al (2003Raymond et al ( , 2005 and Khol-Parisini et al (2012), we observed no adverse effects between the different DON dosages in serum total protein, serum globulins and serum albumin (Tables 4 and 5). However, Johnson et al (1997) found a decrease in serum total protein, serum globulins and serum albumin concentrations in DON-exposed horses that may have been related to impaired liver metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, none of the horses demonstrated any clinical signs commonly associated with the intake of DON such as colic or depression. Similar to our study, Johnson et al (1997) and Khol-Parisini et al (2012) also observed no adverse effects on the feed intake of horses fed DONcontaminated barley (36-44 mg DON/kg) or oats (20.2 mg DON/kg), which even exceeded the DON intake level applied in the Raymond et al (2003Raymond et al ( , 2005 studies and our own study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, increased serum liver enzyme activities were linked with a high DON intake (Raymond et al 2003(Raymond et al , 2005. In contrast, Johnson et al (1997) and Khol-Parisini et al (2012) found no adverse effects in horses fed DON-contaminated grain at levels of 36-44 or 33 mg/kg DM, respectively. Species differences in susceptibility towards DON arise from species-related differences in metabolism (Rotter et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses

et al. 2015

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The present study examined the short-term effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), administered at two different concentrations via a feed preparation using naturally contaminated wheat, on feed intake, liver and kidney metabolism and immunomodulatory properties in horses. Twelve geldings were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 21 days. DON was provided via naturally contaminated wheat (14.6 ± 6.5 mg DON/kg dry matter). The daily feed intake was adjusted to 4 kg of wheat and 1.7 kg of silage per 100 kg of body weight (BW). Horses were fed one of the following diets: control wheat with 0% contaminated wheat (CON), wheat mixture containing 53 ± 2% of DON-contaminated wheat [low DON intake (LDI)] or wheat mixture containing 78 ± 4% of DON-contaminated wheat [high DON intake (HDI)]. CON, LDI and HDI corresponded to a targeted daily DON intake via the complete ration of <5, 50 and 75 μg/kg BW, respectively. None of the horses demonstrated any clinical signs commonly associated with the intake of DON such as colic or depression. HDI was associated with lower daily wheat intake on day 21. Serum DON concentrations increased with higher DON intake. The non-toxic DON metabolite, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) was only detected on day 21 of the DON feeding period. No changes in haematological and serum parameters or serum globulins or in the ex vivo proliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed. These results suggest that horses are less sensitive to DON exposure than other domestic species, for example, swine. Therefore, the European Commission guidance value for critical DON concentrations in swine feed (complete diet) of 0.9 mg/kg could be safely applied for rations intended for feeding adult horses as well.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses

et al. 2015

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“…Khol‐Parisini et al. () observed no adverse effects on general health in a cross‐over design the impact of DON on cellular and humoral immune effects in horses fed for 14 days naturally contaminated 2 kg oat diets with low (0.49 mg DON/kg diet) and high (20.2 mg DON/kg diet) levels, allowing for a 3‐week wash‐out. Serum haptoglobin concentration was significantly elevated at the high dose, but only minor effects were noted for differential blood counts and serum biochemistry, and no effects were seen for lymphocytes and their proliferation (concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen).…”

Section: Hazard Identification and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2017

EFS2

219

187

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurring predominantly in cereal grains. Following the request of the European Commission, the CONTAM Panel assessed the risk to animal and human health related to DON, 3-acetyl-DON (3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside in food and feed. A total of 27,537, 13,892, 7,270 and 2,266 analytical data for DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside, respectively, in food, feed and unprocessed grains collected from 2007 to 2014 were used. For human exposure, grains and grain-based products were main sources, whereas in farm and companion animals, cereal grains, cereal by-products and forage maize contributed most. DON is rapidly absorbed, distributed, and excreted. Since 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON are largely deacetylated and DON-3-glucoside cleaved in the intestines the same toxic effects as DON can be expected. The TDI of 1 lg/kg bw per day, that was established for DON based on reduced body weight gain in mice, was therefore used as a group-TDI for the sum of DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside. In order to assess acute human health risk, epidemiological data from mycotoxicoses were assessed and a group-ARfD of 8 lg/kg bw per eating occasion was calculated. Estimates of acute dietary exposures were below this dose and did not raise a health concern in humans. The estimated mean chronic dietary exposure was above the group-TDI in infants, toddlers and other children, and at high exposure also in adolescents and adults, indicating a potential health concern. Based on estimated mean dietary concentrations in ruminants, poultry, rabbits, dogs and cats, most farmed fish species and horses, adverse effects are not expected. At the high dietary concentrations, there is a potential risk for chronic adverse effects in pigs and fish and for acute adverse effects in cats and farmed mink.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. Deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2017;15(9):4718 Deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 3 EFSA Journal 2017;15(9):4718 Deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 4 EFSA Journal 2017;15(9):471870% of ingested DON is excreted via urine, of which about 80% was in conjugated forms, mainly as DON-15-glucuronide that was about threefold more efficiently formed than DON-3-glucuronide. After a single oral exposure to DON, feed refusal appeared very quickly in mice. Previous risk assessments of DON conducted by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1999 and by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives...

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“…Regarding the effect on cellular and humoral immune parameters in horses, an experiment using naturally DON contaminated grains (high contamination −20.2 mg/kg and low contamination −0.49 mg/kg) was conducted by Khol-Parisini et al [ 121 ] on two groups of five mares for two weeks. No adverse effects were observed; however, haptoglobin concentrations increased after feeding DON ( p = 0.04).…”

Section: Deoxynivalenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Molds and Mycotoxins: Potential Species-Specific Effects

Bertero

Moretti

Spicer

et al. 2018

Toxins

129

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This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of the main Fusarium mycotoxins, focusing on toxicological aspects in terms of species-specific effects. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have centered on the peculiarity of the responses to mycotoxins, demonstrating that toxicokinetics, bioavailability and the mechanisms of action of these substances vary depending on the species involved, but additional studies are needed to better understand the specific responses. The aim of this review is to summarize the toxicological responses of the main species affected by Fusarium mycotoxins.

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Highly deoxynivalenol contaminated oats and immune function in horses

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses

Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses

Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed

Fusarium Molds and Mycotoxins: Potential Species-Specific Effects

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