“…Survey spectra in Figure a show the existence of Nb, O, and F elements in NOF/CN-0.1 samples, C and N elements in CN samples, and C, N, Nb, O, and F elements in the NOF/CN-0.1 sample, which is well in agreement with XRD and EDS results. As illustrated in Figure b, narrow-scanned C 1s spectra in CN nanosheets and NOF/CN-0.1 composites indicate that the peaks at 284.8, 286.3, 288.3, and 289.3 eV can be assigned to C–C, C–N–C, N–CN, and O–CO, respectively. , In Figure c, the peaks at 398.7, 399.8, and 400.8 eV in the narrow-scanned N 1s spectra can be indexed to C–NC, N–(C) 3 , and C–NH, respectively . From narrow-scanned Nb 3d spectra in NOF/CN-0.1 hybrids (Figure d), it can be found that binding energy shifts to a lower position with 0.2–0.3 eV compared to pure NOF, indicating the strong interaction or the formation of a heterojunction between the two components.…”