Highly effective and selective recovery of Gd(III) from wastewater by defective MOFs-based ion-imprinted polymer: Performance and mechanism

Overview of Functionalized Porous Materials for Rare-Earth Element Separation and Recovery

“…The calculated separation factor reached a remarkable value of 3.78, significantly surpassing the results obtained from previous studies on both solvent extraction and membrane separation. Yang et al suggested a method that combines surface imprinting and defect engineering strategies to create Gd(III) ion-imprinted polymers (G-IIPs) using hybrid-conjugated Zr-MOFs [82]. The findings indicated that the G-IIP-3, which was prepared with a significant number of defects, exhibited a substantial adsorption capacity of 181.75 mg/g Biopolymers have been widely used and researched as potential materials because they are widely available, inexpensive, biodegradable, and non-toxic.…”

“…The calculated separation factor reached a remarkable value of 3.78, significantly surpassing the results obtained from previous studies on both solvent extraction and membrane separation. Yang et al suggested a method that combines surface imprinting and defect engineering strategies to create Gd(III) ion-imprinted polymers (G-IIPs) using hybrid-conjugated Zr-MOFs [ 82 ]. The findings indicated that the G-IIP-3, which was prepared with a significant number of defects, exhibited a substantial adsorption capacity of 181.75 mg/g for Gd(III) and a rapid equilibration time of 30 min; Xu et al synthesized a novel O-group-modified porous coordination polymer (CP) with good adsorption capacity for rare-earth ions, and the results showed that the adsorbent had good adsorption performance for low concentrations of rare earth ions (1 ppm), which was reached equilibrium in only 10 min and had good selectivity in the presence of competing ions [ 83 ].…”

“…Yang et al prepared ion-imprinted MOFs (G-IIP-3) with rich defects and a high specific surface area through surface imprinting and defect engineering strategies (the synthesis schematic is shown in Figure 9 ). G-IIP-3 exhibits high adsorption capacity for Gd(III) (181.75 mg/g) and a short equilibrium time of 30 min, while still maintaining high selectivity even in the presence of interfering ions [ 82 ]. Zhao et al used a certain amount of ZrOCl 2 -8H 2 O, H 1 (1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid), and H 2 (1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) mixed at room temperature to obtain nanoporous metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66-H 1 /H 2 -a) with a high adsorption capacity of up to 150–250 mg/g for a wide range of rare-earth ions (including Sm (III), Eu (III), Gd (III), Tb (III), Dy (III), Ho (III), Er (III), Tm (III), and Yb (III)) [ 96 ].…”