Highly efficient and low-cost top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes for monochromatic microdisplays

Recent progress of organic light-emitting diode microdisplays for augmented reality/virtual reality applications

“…They optically optimized a device structure using optical simulation and reduced the driving voltage using p-and ndoped transporting layers. Although an electrical doping method typically improves the performance of OLEDs [33,34], the electrical crosstalk of the subpixels should be considered when the doping concentration is determined due to the very small pixel pitch in OLED microdisplays. Their white device exhibited a maximum luminance of 20,000 cd/m 2 at 9 V, and a white OLED microdisplay that had a 2,350 ppi resolution with a maximum luminance of 3,000 cd/m 2 was demonstrated, as shown in Figure 4(b).…”

Easily reproducible top-emitting organic light-emitting devices for microdisplays adapted to aluminum contact from the standard CMOS processes

“…To make the OLED microdisplays more affordable for practical applications, these authors dedicated themselves to developing high-performance TEOLEDs that could be feasibly integrated onto the foundry CMOS backplanes. Initially, a TEOLED with a p-doped hole-transporting layer (p-doped HTL) was developed to match the driving voltage with the CMOS circuit [15]. In this regard, a modified Al/Ag atop the CMOS backplane had to be introduced and treated with chemical-mechanical polishing to make it smooth enough for TEOLEDs, with a typical thickness of 100-150 nm.…”

Measuring and structuring the spatial coherence length of organic light‐emitting diodes

“…Organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) technology has attracted great attention due to its promising applications in lighting and displays . Recently, new applications of this technology in visible‐light communication and biomedical instruments suggest that OLEDs will be universal in the next generation of photonic devices .…”