Highly Efficient and Stable Sn-Rich Perovskite Solar Cells by Introducing Bromine

Lee, Seojun; Kang, Dong‐Won

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b04011

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, precursor engineering that either mixed individual Sn and Pb based precursors or blended with additives (such as chloride, Rb, and Cs) would be employed to tune the crystallization. These Sn‐Pb binary perovskite precursor films generally spin‐coated on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(p‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrates would be washed/immersed by anti‐solvents, including toluene, anisole or diethyl ether, and annealed . Meanwhile, Sn‐Pb binary perovskite films can be formed by two‐step solution‐process methods.…”

Section: Crystallization Properties and Applications Of Low‐bandgapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These Sn-Pb binary perovskite precursor films generally spincoated on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(p-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrates would be washed/immersed by anti-solvents, including toluene, anisole or diethyl ether, and annealed. [18,19,23,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Meanwhile, Sn-Pb binary perovskite films can be formed by two-step solution-process methods. PbI 2 (SnI 2 ) Á xDMSO intermediates were firstly fabricated.…”

Section: Crystallization and Properties Of Low-bandgap Sn-pb Binary Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Zhu

Choy

2018

Solar RRL

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Solution‐process and low‐temperature perovskites have motivated a broad range of interests and intensive studies for applications in solar cells (SCs) and photodetectors (PDs). Perovskite SCs with the bandgap of ≈1.5 eV currently exhibit the certified efficiency over 22% comparable with those of established thin film technologies. Meanwhile, perovskite PDs achieve superb performances in the visible region compared with commercial Si PDs. Partial substitution of Sn into Pb‐based perovskites can tune the absorption to near‐infrared (NIR) region, which would achieve an ideal‐bandgap perovskite approaching the Shockley–Queisser‐efficiency limit, low‐bandgap perovskite‐based bottom subcells in tandem devices (≈1.2 eV), and NIR photodetection. Here, various crystallization methods for growing low‐bandgap Sn–Pb binary perovskites are presented. Their impacts on morphology, crystallinity, preferred orientation, carrier lifetimes, Urbach energy, and stability of the resultant Sn–Pb binary perovskites are highlighted. Then, a description is given of single‐junction, 2‐terminal, and 4‐terminal SCs using these perovskites as absorbers, which achieve up‐to‐date efficiencies of 17.8%, 18.4%, and 21.2%, respectively. The current development of ultraviolet–visible–NIR PDs using these perovskites is also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges in controlling inter‐grain Sn/Pb element distributions and perovskite stability, which will influence performance and stability of Sn–Pb perovskite‐based devices, are presented. Finally, potential prospects are discussed for advancing low‐bandgap Sn–Pb binary perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.

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Section: Crystallization Properties and Applications Of Low‐bandgapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crystallization and Properties Of Low-bandgap Sn-pb Binary Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Zhu

Choy

2018

Solar RRL

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“…However, these perovskites exhibit poor stabilities, and the highest efficiency of intrinsically Sn-based PSCs is merely 12.4%, [56] due to high defect density and low carrier lifetime. [57,58] More importantly, poor reproducibility and serious instability problems keep the intrinsic Sn-based perovskite from being used as useful solar cell materials. This can be ascribed to the ready oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ , where Sn 4+ acts as a p-type dopant within the perovskite in a process referred to as "self-doping" and the increased background concentration of holes can cause fast recombination.…”

Section: Narrow-bandgap Perovskites For Bottom Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[59] To increase the stability and alleviate the oxidation of Sn 2+ in those narrow-bandgap perovskites, strategies like replacing a specific ratio of Sn 2+ at the B-site by Pb 2+ are adopted. [58,[60][61][62][63] Generally, the resultant Pb-Sn mixed perovskites exhibited surprisingly even lower bandgap at certain specific compositions in comparison to either the intrinsic Sn and Pb perovskites and a continuous bandgap distribution from 1.1 to 1.35 eV, a so-called anomalous bandgap bowing behavior. [46,64] It is worth mentioning that most Pb-Sn perovskites possess high photovoltages and relatively low V oc deficit that is defined by (E g )/q − V oc , where q is the unit charge, and E g is the bandgap energy.…”

Section: Narrow-bandgap Perovskites For Bottom Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells: Get the Most Out of the Sun

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

104

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Tandem solar cells (TSCs) comprising stacked narrow‐bandgap and wide‐bandgap subcells are regarded as the most promising approach to break the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction solar cells. As the game‐changer in the photovoltaic community, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites became the front‐runner candidate for mating with other efficient photovoltaic technologies in the tandem configuration for higher power conversion efficiency, by virtue of their tunable and complementary bandgaps, excellent photoelectric properties, and solution processability. In this review, a perspective that critically dilates the progress of perovskite material selection and device design for perovskite‐based TSCs, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide, perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/CdTe, and perovskite/GaAs are presented. Besides, all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 with high thermal stability is proposed as the top subcell in TSCs due to its suitable bandgap of ≈1.73 eV and rapidly increasing efficiency. To minimize the optical and electrical losses for high‐efficiency TSCs, the optimization of transparent electrodes, recombination layers, and the current‐matching principles are highlighted. Through big data analysis, wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells with high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) are in dire need in further study. In the end, opportunities and challenges to realize the commercialization of TSCs, including long‐term stability, area upscaling, and mitigation of toxicity, are also envisioned.

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“…[ 36 ] This composition has been used in an all‐perovskite tandem, enabling the champion PCE of 24.8%. [ 36 ] Although the Sn/Pb alloyed perovskite field is smaller, there have been ample studies on how the PCE is influenced by the fabrication method, [ 48,130,132 ] modifying the composition with various Pb/Sn alloys, [ 133 ] Cs, [ 46,48,50,51,129 ] Br, [ 134,135 ] or Cl, [ 49,136 ] addition of additives guanidinium thiocyanate (GuaSCN) [ 4 ] or CdI 2 , [ 50 ] or surface treatments (MACl, formic acid vapor). [ 48 ] More detailed reviews on low‐ E g perovskites can be found elsewhere.…”

Section: Tandem Fabrication: a Story Of Compromisementioning

confidence: 99%

Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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power conversion efficiencies (PCE) certified over 25% [9] merely 10 years after their first report (no small feat). [10,11] Perovskites have also made rapid progress in stability [12] (which is arguably their Achilles heel) now with regular reports of thousands of hours, [13-17] reaching up to one year, [18] of device operational stability, even at elevated temperatures. [19,20] Finally, there have been impressive efforts in scaling the MHP deposition methods to maintain film uniformity over larger areas, through the use of novel solvent chemistries [21-23] and a variety of processing techniques [24,25] which has culminated in a certified 17.25% PCE for a ≈20 cm 2 module [26] and 17.9% PCE for a >800 cm 2 module. [27] An additional unique characteristic of MHPs is the ability to widely tune the composition of ABX 3 where A is usually a mixture of methylammonium (MA +), formamidinium (FA +) and cesium (Cs +); B can be a mixture of Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ ; and X is typically a mixture of I − , Br − , and Cl −. Changing the composition allows the bandgap (E g) to be modulated from ≈1.2 to >2.4 eV. [28-32] A large range of compositions and bandgaps have been used to make solar cells with PCEs over 20%. [4,33-39] The ability to reach high efficiencies at a wide range of bandgaps naturally motivates the use of perovskites in multijunction photovoltaics with various absorbers employed in tandem. By coupling together two MHPs with complementary bandgaps into a tandem device (Figure 1A), the incident solar spectrum can be more efficiently converted than in a single bandgap device by reducing the thermalization losses. This loss reduction increases the maximum attainable PCE. [40] Pairing the high efficiency (>30%) with the promises for ultralow cost manufacturing and light weight makes all-perovskite tandems one of the most exciting PV technologies in a generation. This combination of characteristics not only has the potential to further lower the solar electricity costs, but also to open the field to applications beyond the capabilities of the crystalline silicon dominant market, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. [41-44] While single-junction perovskite cells currently have demonstrated the highest efficiencies among polycrystalline thin-film PVs, they are likely to have a maximum practical efficiency of ≈28% PCE whereas all-perovskite tandems have a clear path to well over 30%. [40,45] There has been a flurry of work on monolithic, 2-terminal (2T) perovskite-based tandems, pairing a wide-E g MHP with materials such as low-E g tin/lead (Sn/Pb) Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have transfixed the photovoltaic (PV) community due to their outstanding and tunable optoelectronic properties coupled to demonstrations of high-power conversion efficiencies (PCE) at a range of bandgaps. This has motivated the field to push perovskites to reach the highest possible performance. One way to increase the efficiency is by fabricating multijunction solar cells, which can split the solar spectrum, reducing thermalization loss. Low-cost all-pero...

show abstract

Highly Efficient and Stable Sn-Rich Perovskite Solar Cells by Introducing Bromine

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells: Get the Most Out of the Sun

Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

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