“…00-004-0802) observed from Figure S9c. 48 Figure 3a displays the survey XPS spectra for Au@NiO|Ni (red curve), Pd@NiO|Ni (blue curve), and Pt@NiO|Ni (green curve) electrodes, confirming the presence of Au, Ni, and O at the Au@NiO|Ni electrode, Pd, Ni, and O at the Pd@NiO|Ni electrode, and Pt, Ni, and O at the Pt@NiO|Ni electrode. From the XPS survey spectra, the atomic percentage of the elements was found to be 0.4:19.3 for Au to Ni, 8.7:7.0 for Pd to Ni, and 0.1:13.2 Pt to Ni (Table S1).…”