Improving both the activity and stability is of great importance for MoS 2 -based catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction. Herein, we report the construction of monolayer CoMoS anchored on hydrophobic-reduced graphene nanoribbons (ML-CoMoS/rGNRs) which exhibited excellent activity and stability in the HDO of 4-methylphenol. The superior HDO activity was attributed to the single layer structure of MoS 2 , which allows the good exposure of abundant edge sites for accommodating Co promoters to form the Co−Mo−S active phase. Besides, the hydrophobicity of rGNRs enables the fast removal of H 2 O during the HDO reaction, which alleviates the sulfur loss and endows the excellent stability of supported CoMoS monolayers. Consequently, ML-CoMoS/rGNRs afforded 97.3% conversion and 98.4% toluene selectivity at 220 °C for at least five reaction cycles. This work provides novel insights for designing highly active and stable metal sulfide catalysts for the application in the HDO reaction.