Highly Efficient Interfaces in Nanocomposites Based on Polyethylene and ZnO Nano/Hierarchical Particles: A Novel Approach toward Ultralow Electrical Conductivity Insulations

Pourrahimi, Amir Masoud; Hoang, Tuan Anh; Liu, Dongming; Pallon, Love K. H.; Gubanski, Stanislaw; Olsson, Richard T.; Gedde, Ulf W.; Hedenqvist, Mikael S.

doi:10.1002/adma.201603291

Cited by 113 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The onset temperature of pure PP was 123 • C, and for the samples containing LDPE was 124 • C, 125 • C, and 125.3 • C, thus slightly higher than those of pure PP. In the case of HDPE/PP, the crystallization onset temperature was between 118 • C and 119 • C, which confirms that HDPE has a greater effect on PP crystallization than LDPE [26,31,32]. Table 3.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc) Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Electrical Properties of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Compounds for High-Voltage Insulation

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In high-voltage insulation systems, the most commonly used material is polymeric material because of its high dielectric strength, high resistivity, and low dielectric loss in addition to good chemical and mechanical properties. In this work, various polymer compounds were prepared, consisting of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), HDPE/PP, and LDPE/PP polymer blends. The relative permittivity and breakdown strength of each sample types were evaluated. In order to determine the physical properties of the prepared samples, the samples were also characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the dielectric constant of PP increased with the increase of HDPE and LDPE content. The breakdown measurement data for all samples were analyzed using the cumulative probability plot of Weibull distribution. From the acquired results, it was found that the dielectric strengths of LDPE and HDPE were higher than that of PP. Consequently, the addition of LDPE and HDPE to PP increased the breakdown strength of PP, but a variation in the weight ratio (30%, 50% and 70%) did not change significantly the breakdown strength. The DSC measurements showed two exothermic crystallization peaks representing two crystalline phases. In addition, the DSC results showed that the blended samples were physically bonded, and no co-crystallization occurred in the produced blends.

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Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc) Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Electrical Properties of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Compounds for High-Voltage Insulation

et al. 2018

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“…The EBA composite filled with 0.5 vol% rGO (<φ c ) (“ EBA‐0.5‐rGO ” ) exhibited 10–100 times higher resistivity (≈10 15 Ωm) than neat EBA (Figure a). This effect, observed in previous studies of rGO, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide NPs, was attributed to the immobilization (“trapping”) of charge carriers in deep traps on the rGO interface. This trapping can be attributed to polar groups or adsorbed water on rGO and has previously been explained by the distribution of charges, the induction of dipoles, and the disruption of polymer crystals by the interfacial region of NPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Reduced and Surface‐Modified Graphene Oxide with Nonlinear Resistivity

Wåhlander

Nilsson

Andersson

et al. 2017

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Field-grading materials (FGMs) are used to reduce the probability for electrical breakdowns in critical regions of electrical components and are therefore of great importance. Usually, FGMs are heavily filled (40 vol.%) with semi-conducting or conducting particles. Here, polymer-grafted reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used as a filler to accomplish percolated networks at very low filling ratios (<2 vol.%) in a semi-crystalline polymer matrix: poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) (EBA). Various simulation models are used to predict the percolation threshold and the flake-to-flake distances, to complement the experimental results. A substantial increase in thermal stability of rGO is observed after surface modification, either by silanization or subsequent polymerizations. The non-linear DC resistivity of neat and silanized rGO and its trapping of charge-carriers in semi-crystalline EBA are demonstrated for the first time. It is shown that the polymer-grafted rGO improve the dispersibility in the EBA-matrix and that the graft length controls the inter-flake distances (i.e. charge-carrier hopping distances). By the appropriate selection of graft lengths, both highly resistive materials at 10 kV mm and FGMs with a large and distinct drop in resistivity (six decades) are obtained, followed by saturation. The nonlinear drop in resistivity is attributed to narrow inter-flake distance distributions of grafted rGO.

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“…However, it is generally difficult to theoretically interpret these experimental results since the processes of injection of charges into the liquid can only be quantified for sharper needles [17]. Considering that the self-consistent numerical simulation of injection of charges from ultra-sharp needles (with tip radii less than 0.5 µm) and its associated electrohydrodynamic liquid motion has been recently reported [20], the measurement of streamer initiation from ultra-sharp needles is the next step to enable the future physical analysis of this process using computer simulation. It also provides an interesting scenario to test whether the proposed hypotheses can explain the effect of NPs in host oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamer Inception from Ultra-Sharp Needles in Mineral Oil Based Nanofluids

2018

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Positive and negative streamer inception voltages from ultra-sharp needle tips (with tip radii below 0.5 µm) are measured in TiO 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZnO and C 60 nanofluids. The experiments are performed at several concentrations of nanoparticles dispersed in mineral oil. It is found that nanoparticles influence positive and negative streamers in different ways. TiO 2 , SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles increase the positive streamer inception voltage only, whilst ZnO and C 60 nanoparticles augment the streamer inception voltages in both polarities. Using these results, the main hypotheses explaining the improvement in the dielectric strength of the host oil due to the presence of nanoparticles are analyzed. It is found that the water adsorption hypothesis of nanoparticles is consistent with the increments in the reported positive streamer inception voltages. It is also shown that the hypothesis of nanoparticles reducing the electron velocity by hopping transport mechanisms fails to explain the results obtained for negative streamers. Finally, the hypothesis of nanoparticles attaching electrons according to their charging characteristics is found to be consistent with the results hereby presented on negative streamers.

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Highly Efficient Interfaces in Nanocomposites Based on Polyethylene and ZnO Nano/Hierarchical Particles: A Novel Approach toward Ultralow Electrical Conductivity Insulations

Abstract: Polyethylene nanocomposites based on functionalized ZnO nano/hierarchical particles with highly effective interfacial surface area are presented, for the next generation of ultralow transmission-loss high-voltage DC insulating materials.

Cited by 113 publications

References 37 publications

Electrical Properties of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Compounds for High-Voltage Insulation

Electrical Properties of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Compounds for High-Voltage Insulation

Reduced and Surface‐Modified Graphene Oxide with Nonlinear Resistivity

Streamer Inception from Ultra-Sharp Needles in Mineral Oil Based Nanofluids

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