“… Fig. 1 a Milestones in TiO 2 material development and b the corresponding band structure of each typical TiO 2 configuration [ 3 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 28 , 32 ]. The TiO 2 nanoparticles illustration figures in ( a ) are adapted with the permission from Ref.…”
Section: Milestones In Tio
2
and The Development Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 e, f). Our group has applied BTO to promote green energy and social sustainability in the field of hydrogenation [ 21 ], algae elimination from aquatic ecosystems [ 31 ], carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduction [ 28 , 32 ], and visible-light-driven organic synthesis (C–H arylation) [ 33 ]. Next, we describe those BTO applications and then propose strategies and directions for further designs and applications of BTO.…”
Section: Explored and Potential Applications Of Btomentioning
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity, energy storage capability, low cost, high chemical stability, and nontoxicity. However, conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting efficiency and charge separation ability, though the recently developed black TiO2 formed under high temperature or pressure has achieved elevated performance. The phase-selectively ordered/disordered blue TiO2 (BTO), which has visible-light absorption and efficient exciton disassociation, can be formed under normal pressure and temperature (NPT) conditions. This perspective article first discusses TiO2 materials development milestones and insights of the BTO structure and construction mechanism. Then, current applications of BTO and potential extensions are summarized and suggested, respectively, including hydrogen (H2) production, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) reduction, pollutant degradation, microbial disinfection, and energy storage. Last, future research prospects are proposed for BTO to advance energy and environmental sustainability by exploiting different strategies and aspects. The unique NPT-synthesized BTO can offer more societally beneficial applications if its potential is fully explored by the research community.
“… Fig. 1 a Milestones in TiO 2 material development and b the corresponding band structure of each typical TiO 2 configuration [ 3 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 28 , 32 ]. The TiO 2 nanoparticles illustration figures in ( a ) are adapted with the permission from Ref.…”
Section: Milestones In Tio
2
and The Development Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 e, f). Our group has applied BTO to promote green energy and social sustainability in the field of hydrogenation [ 21 ], algae elimination from aquatic ecosystems [ 31 ], carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduction [ 28 , 32 ], and visible-light-driven organic synthesis (C–H arylation) [ 33 ]. Next, we describe those BTO applications and then propose strategies and directions for further designs and applications of BTO.…”
Section: Explored and Potential Applications Of Btomentioning
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has garnered attention for its promising photocatalytic activity, energy storage capability, low cost, high chemical stability, and nontoxicity. However, conventional TiO2 has low energy harvesting efficiency and charge separation ability, though the recently developed black TiO2 formed under high temperature or pressure has achieved elevated performance. The phase-selectively ordered/disordered blue TiO2 (BTO), which has visible-light absorption and efficient exciton disassociation, can be formed under normal pressure and temperature (NPT) conditions. This perspective article first discusses TiO2 materials development milestones and insights of the BTO structure and construction mechanism. Then, current applications of BTO and potential extensions are summarized and suggested, respectively, including hydrogen (H2) production, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) reduction, pollutant degradation, microbial disinfection, and energy storage. Last, future research prospects are proposed for BTO to advance energy and environmental sustainability by exploiting different strategies and aspects. The unique NPT-synthesized BTO can offer more societally beneficial applications if its potential is fully explored by the research community.
“…Therefore, due to a high proportion of amorphous anatase phase existence (70%), the loose stacking of the MW-coated R o /A d TiO 2 film resulted with a 7.1 N adhesion force on the SiO 2 substrate. The above discussion can be supported by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements data [ 7 , 14 ], as listed in the Supplementary Table 1 . The BET specific surface area, total pore volume and mean pore size increased following P25 (0% amorphous), R d /A o (30% amorphous rutile) and R o /A d (70% amorphous anatase).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…For tackling energy and pollution problems, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has attracted great interest due to the excellent photocatalytic activity since the discovery of TiO 2 water splitting to hydrogen gas phenomena under near ultra-violet (UV) light by Fujisma and Honda at 1972 [ 2 ]. As one of the most promising photocatalysts, TiO 2 showed favorable heterogeneous photocatalytic properties and has been applied in various fields, such as environmental pollutants degradation [ 3 , 4 ], antibacterials for sterilization in the hospital system or food industry [ 5 ], self-cleaning coatings [ 6 ], light-driven water splitting, and CO 2 reduction [ 7 ], among others [ 8 ]. Moreover, the inert, non-toxic, and economic nature makes TiO 2 more favorable in the development and industrial process without the introduction of environmental issues [ 9 ].…”
A binder-free attachment method for TiO
2
on a substrate has been sought to retain high active photocatalysis. Here, we report a binder-free covalent coating of phase-selectively disordered TiO
2
on a hydroxylated silicon oxide (SiO
2
) substrate through rapid microwave treatment. We found that Ti–O–Si and Ti–O–Ti bonds were formed through a condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the disordered TiO
2
and Si substrate, and the disordered TiO
2
nanoparticles themselves, respectively. This covalent coating approach can steadily hold the active photocatalytic materials on the substrates and provide long-term stability. The binder-free disordered TiO
2
coating film can have a thickness (above 38 μm) with high surface integrity with a strong adhesion force (15.2 N) against the SiO
2
substrate, which leads to the production of a rigid and stable TiO
2
film. This microwave treated TiO
2
coating film showed significant volatile organic compounds degradation abilities under visible light irradiation. The microwave coated selectively reduced TiO
2
realized around 75% acetaldehyde degradation within 12 h and almost 90% toluene degradation after 9 h, also retains stable photodegradation performance during the cycling test. Thus, the microwave coating approach allowed the preparation of the binder-free TiO
2
film as a scalable and cost-effective method to manufacture the TiO
2
film that shows an excellent coating quality and strengthens the application as a photocatalyst under severe conditions.
“…However, the photo-generated holes recombine with the major carrier electrons in another material at the interface in the Z-scheme mechanism, thus photo-generated electrons accumulate in the p-type materials to reduce water for production of hydrogen molecules [100]. In addition to molecular functionalization, various interface band bending methods, including the insertion of materials such as graphene, or carbon materials can change the charge transfer pathway [103,104].…”
Section: Modulation Of Solid-solid Interface For Charge Transfer and mentioning
Water oxidation and reduction reactions play vital roles in highly efficient hydrogen production conducted by an electrolyzer, in which the enhanced efficiency of the system is apparently accompanied by the development of active electrocatalysts. Solar energy, a sustainable and clean energy source, can supply the kinetic energy to increase the rates of catalytic reactions. In this regard, understanding of the underlying fundamental mechanisms of the photo/electrochemical process is critical for future development. Combining light-absorbing materials with catalysts has become essential to maximizing the efficiency of hydrogen production. To fabricate an efficient absorber-catalysts system, it is imperative to fully understand the vital role of surface/interface modulation for enhanced charge transfer/separation and catalytic activity for a specific reaction. The electronic and chemical structures at the interface are directly correlated to charge carrier movements and subsequent chemical adsorption and reaction of the reactants. Therefore, rational surface modulation can indeed enhance the catalytic efficiency by preventing charge recombination and prompting transfer, increasing the reactant concentration, and ultimately boosting the catalytic reaction. Herein, the authors review recent progress on the surface modification of nanomaterials as photo/electrochemical catalysts for water reduction and oxidation, considering two successive photogenerated charge transfer/separation and catalytic chemical reactions. It is expected that this review paper will be helpful for the future development of photo/electrocatalysts.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
