Highly efficient polyethylene glycol‐functionalised gold nanorods for photothermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Abstract

Gold nanorods (GNRs) with exceptional photothermal properties have held promising potential for application in the biomedical field. In this study, the authors achieved photothermal ablation by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalised GNRs. Well-dispersed and uniform GNRs were produced through a seed-mediated growth method. A thermal camera was used to scrutinise the temperature distribution and efficiency of the photothermal properties of the GNRs, which were irradiated by an 808 nm laser on a silicon chip. They observed that the GNRs provided about a 5°C temperature increase and produced hyperthermia efficiently. Since GNRs need to be surface tailored with a biocompatible material rather than cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), they chose methoxyl PEG thiol to modify the GNRs. By taking advantage of the alkaline environment that assists this functionalisation, they accomplished about 89% removal of CTAB and identified a PEG layer on the surface of the GNRs. The GNR biocompatibility was considerably improved without any shift of the optical properties. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were incubated with GNRs for 24 h and then were irradiated with a near-infrared laser for 3 min. Few cells remained alive, which demonstrated the photothermal ablation ability of the GNRs.

Gold Nanorods-Based Photothermal Therapy: Interactions Between Biostructure, Nanomaterial, and Near-Infrared Irradiation

“…PEG can remove approximately 88.9% of the CTAB bound to AuNRs surfaces, thereby improving biocompatibility and structural stability, preventing material morphology and thermal resistance changes, and changing AuNRs surface pharmacokinetics without affecting their photothermal ablation ability (Fig. 3 A) [ 54 , 55 ]. Polydopamine (PDA) promoted the functionalization of biomolecules on the surface of AuNRs, which could enhance the physiological stability and biocompatibility of the nanostructures, further allowing the AuNRs to achieve cell targeting and photothermal killing of cancer cells [ 56 ].…”

Impact of Surface Charge-Tailored Gold Nanorods for Selective Targeting of Mitochondria in Breast Cancer Cells Using Photodynamic Therapy

“…28 In addition, Du et al reported the highly efficient poly(ethylene glycol)-capped GNRs for photothermal ablation (PTA) of hepatocellular carcinoma. 29 Also, a plethora of reports is available on the surface modification of GNRs for improved drug delivery applications. 30−32 This article is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND 4 In oncology, GNPs are prominent agents that aid in the conversion of radiations into heat.…”

“…Mirza and Shamshad fabricated doxorubicin-functionalized PSS-coated GNRs to resist CTAB . In addition, Du et al reported the highly efficient poly­(ethylene glycol)-capped GNRs for photothermal ablation (PTA) of hepatocellular carcinoma . Also, a plethora of reports is available on the surface modification of GNRs for improved drug delivery applications. − …”