Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators Based on Ruthenium Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy

Ferreira, Joana T.; Pina, João; Ribeiro, Carlos; Fernandes, Rosa; Tomé, João P. C.; Rodríguez‐Morgade, M. Salomé; Torres, Tomás

doi:10.1002/chem.201903546

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In addition, Lapok et al introduced iodine atoms into the subphthalocyanine core and observed red-shifted absorption and emission (∼20 nm) with quenched fluorescence and enhanced 1 O 2 generation (Φ Δ = 0.83–0.90) (Figure b) . Recently, Torres et al synthesized two series of Ru(II) phthalocyanines with and without PEG chains at the isoindole meta-positions (Figure c) . The two axial ligand sites introduced one DMSO unit, which significantly increased 1 O 2 generation, and one carbohydrate unit, such as glucose, mannose, or galactose, which affected the cellular uptake of both PS series.…”

Section: Representative Strategies For Conventional Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

et al. 2021

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This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.

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Section: Representative Strategies For Conventional Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

et al. 2021

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“…Torres et al developed a series of water-soluble Ru( ii ) phthalocyanines. 20 These complexes have large and stable, conjugated π-systems that are suitable for efficient energy and electron-transfer processes. In particular, they display strong absorption in the visible region, with a maximum around 700 nm which enables greater tissue penetration.…”

Section: Ruthenium Complexes In Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in noble metal complex based photodynamic therapy

Chen

et al. 2022

Chem. Sci.

109

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“…The PDT process involves the biological administration of a photosensitizer (PS) drug that is activated by suitable visible or near-infrared lights, which in the presence of cellular molecular oxygen generates highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) ( Karunakaran et al, 2013 ; Lourenço et al, 2014a ; Saenz et al, 2017 ; Pereira et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Castro et al, 2021 ). These ROS are responsible for the reduction or extinction of the targeted cancer cells or tumor tissues ( Lourenço et al, 2014b ; Ferreira et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surprisingly Positive Effect of Zinc-Phthalocyanines With High Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy of Melanoma Cancer

et al. 2022

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Phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes are photoactive molecules that can absorb and emit light in the visible spectrum, especially in the red region of the spectrum, with great potential for biological scopes. For this target, it is important to guarantee a high Pc solubility, and the use of suitable pyridinium units on their structure can be a good strategy to use effective photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer cells. Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) conjugated with thiopyridinium units (1–3) were evaluated as PS drugs against B16F10 melanoma cells, and their photophysical, photochemical, and in vitro photobiological properties were determined. The photodynamic efficiency of the tetra- and octa-cationic ZnPcs 1–3 was studied and compared at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 µM. The different number of charge units, and the presence/absence of a-F atoms on the Pc structure, contributes for their PDT efficacy. The 3-(4′,5′-dimethylthiazol-2′-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on B16F10 melanoma cells show a moderate to high capacity to be photoinactivated by ZnPcs 1–3 (ZnPc 1 > ZnPc 2 > ZnPc 3). The best PDT conditions were found at a Pc concentration of 20 μM, under red light (λ = 660 ± 20 nm) at an irradiance of 4.5 mW/cm2 for 667 s (light dose of 3 J/cm2). In these conditions, it is noteworthy that the cationic ZnPc 1 shows a promising photoinactivation ratio, reaching the detection limit of the MTT method. Moreover, these results are comparable to the better ones in the literature.

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Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators Based on Ruthenium Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy

Cited by 28 publications

References 60 publications

Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

Recent advances in noble metal complex based photodynamic therapy

The Surprisingly Positive Effect of Zinc-Phthalocyanines With High Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy of Melanoma Cancer

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