Highly Elastic and Anisotropic Wood‐Derived Composite Scaffold with Antibacterial and Angiogenic Activities for Bone Repair

Abstract

Scaffold‐based tissue engineering is a promising strategy to address the rapidly growing demand for bone implants, but developing scaffolds with bone extracellular matrix‐like structures, suitable mechanical properties, and multiple biological activities remains a huge challenge. Here, it is aimed to develop a wood‐derived composite scaffold with an anisotropic porous structure, high elasticity, and good antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities. First, natural wood is treated with an alkaline solution to obtain a wood‐derived scaffold with an oriented cellulose skeleton and high elasticity, which can not only simulate collagen fiber skeleton in bone tissue but also greatly improve the convenience of clinical implantation. Subsequently, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQS) and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) are further modified on the wood‐derived elastic scaffold through a polydopamine layer. Among them, CQS endows the scaffold with good antibacterial activity, while DMOG significantly improves the scaffold's osteogenic and angiogenic activities. Interestingly, the mechanical characteristics of the scaffolds and the modified DMOG can synergistically enhance the expression of yes‐associated protein/transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ binding motif signaling pathway, thereby effectively promoting osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, this wood‐derived composite scaffold is expected to have potential application in the treatment of bone defects.

Effect of Dimethyloxalylglycine on Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Tissue Regeneration—A Systematic Review

“…Human-derived BMSCs were used in nine studies [31,55,60,65,[70][71][72][73][74], while rat-derived BMSCs were used in eight studies [32,43,44,47,54,58,64,77]. There is limited research on mouse-derived [63], pig-derived [75], and rabbit-derived [76] BMSCs. Apart from BMSCs, ADSCs have also been investigated for bone tissue regeneration.…”

“…The most frequently reported MSCs markers were CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD104, CD105, and CD106, while lacking expression of CD14, CD34, CD45, CD80, and HLA-DR. MSCs demonstrated differentiation potential into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Furthermore, some studies explored the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) [45], and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) [59,[61][62][63]67].…”

Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose—Physical Properties

“… Wood-derived composite scaffold: This scaffold is developed from natural wood treated with an alkaline solution, resulting in a cellulose skeleton with high elasticity. The scaffold is further modified with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQS) and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) to enhance antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities [ 26 ]. Silk fibroin/cellulose hydrogels: These hydrogels are created by dissolving silk fibroin and cellulose together, resulting in a porous structure that supports the differentiation of MC3T3 cells into osteoblasts, making them a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering [ 27 ].…”

“…Wood-derived composite scaffold: This scaffold is developed from natural wood treated with an alkaline solution, resulting in a cellulose skeleton with high elasticity. The scaffold is further modified with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQS) and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) to enhance antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities [ 26 ].…”

“…The scaffold is further modified with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQS) and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) to enhance antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities [26]. 4.…”