“…Thus, the delivery in cells remains the most significant hurdle in using miRNAs as therapeutic agents. , In this scenario, nanoparticles are potential tools for miRNA pharmacokinetics improvement, since they can avoid miRNA degradation, can ensure their delivery to the cytosol, accumulate in tumors thanks to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and could additionally be functionalized to target specific cells. , In particular, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are suitable candidates as miRNA delivery vectors . MSNs are biocompatible and biodegradable , materials with a porous structure, large specific surface area and volume, chemically and thermally stable, and can be equipped with molecular gates (also known as gatekeepers or nanovalves) able to regulate cargo delivery in response to predefined physical, chemical, or biochemical stimuli. − Thanks to their advantageous properties, MSNs have become one of the most important platforms for drug-controlled release , and they have been used in many biomedical applications, such as drug, , gene, , and RNA , delivery; bioimaging; , chemical communication; , stigmergy; , nanomotors; , biosensing; , and theragnostic and tissue engineering. , MSNs can be functionalized not only with molecular gates but also with other organic ligands and inorganic nanoparticles to provide them versatile chemical and physical properties, , which made them extraordinary versatile nanoplatforms.…”