Highly Flexible Fibre-Optic ATR-IR Probe for Inline Reaction Monitoring

Minnich, Clemens B.; Buskens, Pascal; Steffens, Hanna; Bäuerlein, Patrick S.; Butvina, Leonid N.; Küpper, Lukas; Leitner, Walter; Liauw, Marcel; Greiner, Lasse

doi:10.1021/op0601767

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Ports for fast responding optical analyzers are installed at the exit of the mixer, the micro reactor and at several points of the post reactor [18]. Depending on the measured reactant concentration in the mixture, a turnout valve routes the product stream into the product canister or the waste canister.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on Safety/Health for Process Intensification Including MS Design. Part IV: Case Studies

et al. 2010

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The new technology of process intensification by multiscale equipment can significantly contribute to the achievement of a safer design by switching from batch/semi-batch to continuous operation combined with a reduction of the inventory of hazardous substances in critical stages. On the other hand, the shift to higher space-time-yields and temperatures comprises new risks (see Parts I and II). A tool was developed for preliminary risk assessment to cover characteristic features of micro-designed equipment, called HAZOP-LIKE study (see Part III). The generic case studies were applied to two demonstration projects within the IMPULSE project: sulfur dioxide oxidation and the alkylation reaction for the production of ionic liquids. The generic templates proved to be applicable and support comprehensive risk analysis studies on processes with hidden deviations not obviously following traditional HAZOP studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on Safety/Health for Process Intensification Including MS Design. Part IV: Case Studies

et al. 2010

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“…However, this system is expensive and therefore not always the tool of choice. Standalone diamond ATR probes can also be readily used in conjunction with standard FTIR spectrometers via respective coupled optics [11,38,39].…”

Section: Spectroscopic Reactors and Practical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Monitoring in Multiphase Systems: Application of Coupled In Situ Spectroscopic Techniques in Organic Synthesis

Knöpke

Bentrup

2013

Heterogeneous Catalysts for Clean Technology

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In situ spectroscopy is the only approach to obtain reliable information on mechanisms and the role of intermediates in chemical reactions as well as on structure-reactivity relationships in catalysis [1][2][3][4][5]. Especially, in heterogeneous catalysis, the application of a variety of in situ methods has gained a lively development during the recent two decades. But also in homogeneous catalysis, as well as in catalytic multiphase systems, in situ characterization methods are increasingly applied. A survey of techniques, which are most commonly applied in gas/solid and multiphase systems and the method-specific information, is presented in Table 3.1.The vibrational spectroscopies, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provide complementary information. While FTIR spectroscopy requires groups with a permanent dipole moment, Raman spectroscopy needs groups that have polarizable bonds. As a result, certain vibrations of functional groups are active or inactive in the infrared or Raman spectra, respectively. Thus, the spectra of molecules such as water or carbon monoxide show strong bands in the infrared spectra but only very weak bands in the Raman spectra. However, this is advantageous for measurements in aqueous systems. Furthermore, bands resulting from metal-nonmetal vibrations can be observed well with Raman spectroscopy. A disadvantage of Raman spectroscopy is the possible damage or fluorescence of the sample when irradiated with Raman laser light. In particular, the analysis of condensed aromatic systems can be perturbed by fluorescence. Consequently, the combination of both methods provides comprehensive information about the vibrational state of molecules or adsorbed species.Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy gives less distinct information about the molecular structure than infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Typically, the bands appearing in UV-vis spectra are rather broad. This is because of the simultaneous excitation of rotational, vibrational, and electronic transitions. The bands appearing in the UV-vis spectra of organic molecules are prominent for chromophores. These chromophores can be small parts of the sample molecule, but in extreme cases also the complete electronic shell of the sample molecule.

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“…This was attributed to the hydrogen bond between the C2--H group and the chloride ligand of the catalyst. Minnich et al [43,44] used IR techniques for reaction monitoring in IL synthesis in order to obtain information about the reaction progress. This approach could also be utilized in future applications for further study of the processes in technical systems at the molecular scale.…”

Section: Potential Challenges and Future Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Spectroscopy for Studying Hydrogen Bonding in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and their Mixtures with Cosolvents

Kiefer¹

2010

Hydrogen Bonding and Transfer in the Excited State

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Highly Flexible Fibre-Optic ATR-IR Probe for Inline Reaction Monitoring

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Guidance on Safety/Health for Process Intensification Including MS Design. Part IV: Case Studies

Guidance on Safety/Health for Process Intensification Including MS Design. Part IV: Case Studies

Reaction Monitoring in Multiphase Systems: Application of Coupled In Situ Spectroscopic Techniques in Organic Synthesis

Vibrational Spectroscopy for Studying Hydrogen Bonding in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and their Mixtures with Cosolvents

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