Highly flexible, stretchable, wearable, patternable and transparent heaters on complex 3D surfaces formed from supersonically sprayed silver nanowires

Lee, Jong Gun; Lee, Jong Hyuk; An, Seongpil; Kim, Do Yeon; Kim, Tae Gun; Al-Deyab, Salem S.; Yarin, Alexander L.; Yoon, Sam S.

doi:10.1039/c6ta10997g

Cited by 112 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Here, we demonstrate that nanocomposite transparent films combining a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix and a percolating network of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are excellent platforms to electrically control the local temperature and therefore to fine‐tune the emission intensity of UCNPs. AgNWs are being intensively studied as transparent electrodes to replace traditional materials, such as indium tin oxide, for the next‐generation of flexible electronics, including flexible solar cells and wearable electronics . The heat dissipation produced by the flow of an electrical current through the AgNW network has enabled their use as nanoheater films .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic Switch Devices Mixing Small‐ and Large‐Sized Upconverting Nanocrystals

Martínez

Brites

Carlos

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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The hasty progress in smart, portable, flexible, and transparent integrated electronics and optoelectronics is currently one of the driving forces in nanoscience and nanotechnology. A promising approach is the combination of transparent conducting electrode materials (e.g., silver nanowires, AgNWs) and upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Here, electrochromic devices based on transparent nanocomposite films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and AgNWs covered by UCNPs of different sizes and compositions are developed. By combining the electrical control of the heat dissipation in AgNW networks with size-dependent thermal properties of UCNPs, tunable electrochromic transparent devices covering a broad range of the chromatic diagrams are fabricated. As illustrative examples, devices mixing large-sized (>70 nm) β-NaYF 4 :Yb,Ln and small-sized (<15 nm) NaGdF 4 :Yb,Ln@NaYF 4 core@ shell UCNPs (Ln = Tm, Er, Ce/Ho) are presented, permitting to monitor the temperature-dependent emission of the particles by the intensity ratio of the Er 3+ 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 emission lines, while externally controlling the current flow in the AgNW network. Moreover, by defining a new thermometric parameter involving the intensity ratio of transitions of large-and small-sized UCNPs, a relative thermal sensitivity of 5.88% K −1 (at 339 K) is obtained, a sixfold improvement over the values reported so far.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic Switch Devices Mixing Small‐ and Large‐Sized Upconverting Nanocrystals

Martínez

Brites

Carlos

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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“…a,b) Reproduced with permission. [ 114 ] Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. c) Mechanical flexibility and stability of a CuNi TH on a polymer substrate: i) picture and ii) IR image of the heater at 9 V bias under twisting conditions.…”

Section: Principle Of Thsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 194,195 ] PEDOT:PSS, PI, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), PET, polyester (PE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and even healable polyurethane (PU‐DA) are the most reported matrices for the fabrication of composites for THs. [ 79,112,114,178,192,196–207 ] Biopolymers like chitosan are interesting emerging materials for medical TH applications because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. [ 208 ] For composites, the choice of the polymer‐conducting filler couple depends on the specific properties that are targeted.…”

Section: The Investigated Materials Technologies For Transparent Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Heaters: A Review

Papanastasiou

Schultheiss

Muñoz‐Rojas

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

196

191

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Transparent heaters (TH) have attracted intense attention from both scientific and industrial sectors due to the key role they play in many technologies, including smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, actuators, and sensors. While transparent conductive oxides have dominated the field for the past five decades, a new generation of THs based on nanomaterials has led to new paradigms in terms of applications and prospects in the past years. Here, the most recent developments and strategies to improve the properties, stability, and integration of these new THs are reviewed.

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“…The front windshield of an automobile has minimal transparency and haze requirements of T > 70% and H < 1%, respectively. The low voltage ( V ≤ 12 V) and high power ( P ≥ 100 W) requirements make the manufacturing of low R s heaters particularly difficult . As such, the results presented in this study are particularly promising for applications to automobiles, aircraft, ships, and outdoor displays because of the demonstrated performance, cost‐efficiency, and low power consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Fabrication of High‐Performance Silver Mesh for Transparent Glass Heaters via Electric‐Field‐Driven Microscale 3D Printing and UV‐Assisted Microtransfer

Zhu

et al. 2019

Advanced Materials

132

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nature, and harsh processing conditions of the ITO and the scarcity of the indium limit the further application for the THs. [3,4] As such, recent studies have proposed several emerging materials for the next-generation TCF to replace ITO, including carbon-based materials, [5][6][7][8] metal nanowires (NWs) or nanofibers (NFs), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] metal meshes, [16][17][18] conductive polymers, [19] and hybrid materials. [1,[20][21][22] However, the cost, mechanical robustness, and trade-off between transmittance (T) and sheet resistance (R s ) of these TCFs remain limited and inconsistent across applications.The R s of carbon-based materials and conductive polymers is higher than that of ITO, [23] which restricts their use in high-performance TGHs. [4] Metal NWs or NFs and metal meshes have been studied extensively in recent years and have been described as the most promising TCF materials due to excellent electrical and optical properties (in some cases superior to ITO). Metal NWs and NFs have been demonstrated as an ITO substitute in flexible optoelectronic applications because of their mechanical flexibility and preferable T-R s trade-off. However, the resulting THs or TGHs have struggled to achieve T > 90% and R s < 10 Ω sq −1 . [24] Hsu et al. reported a high-performance TCF with R s = 0.36 Ω sq −1 at T = 92% by combining mesoscale NFs with metal NWs, [25] and An et al. produced a copper NF with T > 90% and R s < 0.5 Ω sq −1 using electrospinning and electroplating methods. [21] These NWs and NFs exhibit limitations such as excessive surface roughness, low uniformity, high material cost, and unavoidable haze. [13,26] In addition, adhesion between NWs and commonly-employed substrates is often poor, which makes it difficult to use NWs in harsh environments for extended time periods. [27] These characteristics hinder the production of low-cost high-performance TGHs, which require low R s , high T, and strong TCF adhesion.Metal mesh is considered to be an ideal TCF because of its inherently high T, low haze, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties, and low cost. [17] The T-R s trade-off in metal meshes can be further optimized by increasing the intrinsic conductivity or the aspect-ratio (AR) of the metal wire Great challenges remain concerning the cost-effective manufacture of highperformance metal meshes for transparent glass heaters (TGHs). Here, a high-performance silver mesh fabrication technique is proposed for TGHs using electric-field-driven microscale 3D printing and a UV-assisted microtransfer process. The results show a more optimal trade-off in sheet resistance (R s = 0.21 Ω sq −1 ) and transmittance (T = 93.9%) than for indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO substitutes. The fabricated representative TGH also exhibits homogeneous and stable heating performance, remarkable environmental adaptability (constant R s for 90 days), superior mechanical robustness (R s increase of only 0.04 in harsh conditions-sonication at 100 °C), and strong adhesion force with a negligible increase in R...

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Highly flexible, stretchable, wearable, patternable and transparent heaters on complex 3D surfaces formed from supersonically sprayed silver nanowires

Abstract: A highly transparent, flexible, patternable, and wearable heater by a single-step supersonic kinetic spraying.

Cited by 112 publications

References 39 publications

Electrochromic Switch Devices Mixing Small‐ and Large‐Sized Upconverting Nanocrystals

Electrochromic Switch Devices Mixing Small‐ and Large‐Sized Upconverting Nanocrystals

Transparent Heaters: A Review

Fabrication of High‐Performance Silver Mesh for Transparent Glass Heaters via Electric‐Field‐Driven Microscale 3D Printing and UV‐Assisted Microtransfer

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