Highly frequent infections with human rhinovirus in healthy young children: A longitudinal cohort study

Zalm, Marieke M. van der; Wilbrink, B.; Ewijk, Bart E. van; Overduin, Pieter; Wolfs, Tom F. W.; Ent, Cornelis K. van der

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.09.003

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…They also noted that the maximum duration of viral presence was relatively short (1-3 weeks). Longer hRV presence may be due to reinfection with a new hRV genotype as reported by Van der Zalm et al [79]. In 2012, Annamalay et al [80] conducted a similar study on a prospective cohort of 95 children in Australia.…”

Section: Exploring the Viral Flora In Humansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Describing the Silent Human Virome with an Emphasis on Giant Viruses

et al. 2013

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Viruses are the most abundant obligate intracellular entities in our body. Until recently, they were only considered to be pathogens that caused a broad array of pathologies, ranging from mild disease to deaths in the most severe cases. However, recent advances in unbiased mass sequencing techniques as well as increasing epidemiological evidence have indicated that the human body is home to diverse viral species under non-pathological conditions. Despite these studies, the description of the presumably healthy viral flora, i.e. the normal human virome, is still in its infancy regarding viral composition and dynamics. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the human virome under non-pathological conditions.

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Section: Exploring the Viral Flora In Humansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Describing the Silent Human Virome with an Emphasis on Giant Viruses

et al. 2013

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“…However, the presence of HRVs in the lower airways in most volunteers, following experimental infection of the upper airway [72], and the detection of the virus in bronchial biopsies from infants during naturally occurring infections proves that HRV also frequently infects the lower airways [73]. People of all ages may be affected by the infection with an incidence that is inversely proportional to age: by 2 years of age 91% of children have antibodies against HRVs [74][75][76][77]. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRVs have been shown to occur throughout the year with a large number of distinct strains circulating each year [75][76][77][78].…”

Section: Hrv and Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People of all ages may be affected by the infection with an incidence that is inversely proportional to age: by 2 years of age 91% of children have antibodies against HRVs [74][75][76][77]. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRVs have been shown to occur throughout the year with a large number of distinct strains circulating each year [75][76][77][78]. In the northern hemisphere, HRVs appear to be the most frequently isolated microorganism in summer, a time of year when rates of respiratory illness are generally lower [78].…”

Section: Hrv and Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher incidence for HRV infection has been described from September to November and from April to May, but in some years (and in some geographical areas) spring was reported to be the more important time for HRV transmission [78]. Several reports suggest that there is a seasonal variability in severity with peaks during cold seasons, probably related to the seasonal distribution of specific strains [75][76][77][78][79]. LEE et al [79] showed that HRVs in infants were more likely to cause moderate to severe illness in the winter months compared with summer, with a peak seasonal prevalence in spring and autumn.…”

Section: Hrv and Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

2014

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There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. This review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV).RSV represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. Large epidemiological studies have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood, thought to be related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of the airways rather than allergic sensitisation.HRV is a highly diverse group of viruses that affect subjects of all ages, is ubiquitous and occurs yearround. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRV cause minimal cytotoxicity but induce a rapid production of cytokines and chemokines with amplification of the inflammatory response. The susceptibility to HRVinduced bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing appears to be linked to individual predisposition since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy.Thus, RSV probably serves as an "inducer" rather than a "trigger". Conversely, HRVs seem to serve as a "trigger" rather than an "inducer" in predisposed individuals. @ERSpublications Comprehensive overview of the different roles of RSV and HRV in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheezing in childhood

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“…The HRV species circulate variably from year to year with evidence of epidemics of distinct types. A prospective longitudinal cohort study over 6 months examined HRV frequency and diversity in 272 specimens from 18 healthy children (0-7 years of age) [ 198 ]. A median of three HRVs and a maximum of six were detected per child.…”

Section: Descriptive Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%