Highly Heat-Resistant Poly(bismaleimide-co-styrene) Microspheres Bearing Maleimide Functional Groups by Self-Stabilized Precipitation Polymerization

Abstract

Herein, we report the synthesis of novel heat-resistant microspheres by self-stabilized precipitation copolymerization of styrene (St) and 2,2′-bis[4-(4maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BMIP) in an mN-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)/ isopentyl acetate (IPA) mixed solvent. The effects of the solvent composition, monomer feed ratio, monomer, and initiator concentration on the size and morphology of the resultant poly(BMIP-co-St) microspheres were investigated in detail. Monodisperse, highly cross-linked poly(BMIP-co-St) microspheres with numberaverage diameters ranging from 2.23 to 1.28 μm were successfully obtained at a 1/2 molar ratio of [BMIP]/[St] in NMP/IPA (2/13, v/v). Due to the presence of a rigid imide ring and a highly cross-linked structure, the poly(BMIP-co-St) microspheres exhibited excellent thermal stability with an initial decomposition temperature up to 440 °C and a 30% char residue rate at 750 °C. Additionally, there were some unreacted maleimide groups on the surface of poly(BMIP-co-St) microspheres for further chemical modification, making the poly(BMIP-co-St) microspheres highly interesting as advanced functional materials.

Synthesis of post‐modified poly(ester‐amino) microspheres via aza‐Michael precipitation polymerization and its use for enzyme immobilization

“…As expected, the spectrum of O 1s was deconvolved into two peaks, assigned to OCOC at 531.9 eV and OCO at 533.3 eV 41,42 . Furthermore, the spectrum of C 1s was deconvolved into five peaks, assigned to OCO at 288.7 eV, COC at 286.5 eV, CN at 286.1 eV, CC at 285.0 eV and CC at 284.6 eV 40,43 . It is important to emphasize that the peak at 284.6, belongs to OCCHCH 2 .…”

Novel Bismaleimide Porous Polymer Microsphere by Self-Stabilized Precipitation Polymerization and Its Application for Catalytic Microreactors

“…Herein, on the basis of our previous work, we develop a template-free strategy to directly prepare cross-linked porous poly­(BMI- co -DVB) microspheres (PBMs) through one-pot 2SP copolymerization of BMIs with DVB in the absence of any templates and surfactants. Compared with our previously prepared solid and hollow BMI microspheres, , the highly cross-linked PBMs possess remarkably high surface areas, unique meso–microhierarchical porous structures, and outstanding framework stability. Most importantly, the chemical composition, morphology, and pore architecture of the PBMs could be facilely tuned by simply adjusting the polymerization conditions (solvent composition and monomer feed ratio).…”

“…Bismaleimides (BMIs) are a kind of typical heterocyclic monomers containing heteroatoms (N and O) and possessing two highly reactive maleimide groups. It is reported that hyper-cross-linked MOP monoliths with a highly porous structure have been directly synthesized through alternating copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and BMIs. , In our previous studies, , a series of well-designed solid, core–shell, and hollow BMI microspheres were successfully prepared through self-stabilized precipitation polymerization (2SP) of BMIs (electron-deficient monomer) with styrene or DVB (electron-rich olefin monomers). However, there are scant investigations for the preparation of spherical BMI microspheres with a uniform and controllable particle size and an adjustable pore structure …”

Preparation of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride–Acrylamide Terpolymer Particles of Uniform Size and Controlled Composition via Self-Stabilized Precipitation Polymerization

“…Moreover, the high monomer concentration and particle yield provide this method with intensive potential for broad industrial applications. Therefore, many functional polymer particles with a well-defined morphology have been prepared via 2SP since the first report of 2SP of MAH and vinyl acetate by Xing. ,,− So far, the monomers for 2SP are mainly composed of electron-donating monomers (olefinic compounds) and electron-accepting monomers (MAH and its derivatives). Though AM is also an electron-accepting monomer, the 2SP of AM is not that simple due to the poor solubility of PAMs in common solvents.…”