Highly Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficiently Harvesting Raindrop Energy

Abstract

of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, [1] wind energy, [2] and ocean energy [3] have attracted extensive attention in the past decades. Rainfall, an important component of the Earth's water cycle, is a very familiar natural phenomenon. Furthermore, raindrop energy is also a kind of renewable energy source which contains two parts of energy. One is the kinetic energy which is coming from the potential energy and the other is the electrostatic energy that is generated by contact friction with the air and the dielectric material. [4,5] However, they are consistently omitted from the applications because of the technological constraints.The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proven as an up-andcoming candidate for energy harvester by virtue of novel working mechanism, multiple structures and working modes, and extensive material selections. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] TENG derived from Maxwell's displacement current and the charges in surface polarization are on the basis of two combined effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. [13] Four basic working modes stemmed from the principle of a TENG carry the advantages of harvesting almost all kinds of energy, ranging from slight acoustic flow to faint heart beats and from clean natural energy to ubiquitous mechanical power. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Therefore, efforts based on TENG made the harvesting of raindrop energy no longer a dream and TENGs with different structures and materials have been continuously reported. [21][22][23] Researchers have fabricated contact-sliding mode TENG with highly hydrophobic surface to attaining periodic contact and separation between water and a solid substrate. [22][23][24][25][26] In addition, the freestanding TENGs with interdigitated electrode have also been developed to collect raindrop energy, which can generate higher electrical output than a single electrode contactsliding TENG. [27][28][29] On the other hand, the collection of kinetic energy from raindrop was also carried out by contact-separation mode TENGs. [30] Although previous reported TENGs can effectively harvest one type of raindrop energy source, simultaneously collecting all energy sources carried by raindrop still remains challenging.Herein, a highly integrated TENG has been developed for simultaneously harvesting all the energy sources which exist in raindrop. The integrated TENG consists of a saccular contactseparation mode TENG (SCS-TENG) for collecting the kinetic energy from raindrops, a freestanding TENG with interdigitated electrodes (I-TENG) attached to the upper surface of the The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) has promoted the harvesting of raindrop energy, which mainly includes the kinetic energy and electrostatic energy generated during the fall of raindrops. However, maximizing the use of such energy is quite challenging due to its fragmentary characteristics. A highly integrated TENG is developed that can efficiently collect raindrop energy. It consists of a saccular contact-separation mode TENG ...

A Triboelectric‐Nanogenerator‐Based Gas–Solid Two‐Phase Flow Sensor for Pneumatic Conveying System Detecting

“…Our results are consistent with those reported by Liu et al. [ 45 ] and Gu et al. [ 46 ] Dust particles are found to carry positive charges, and the amount of charge it carried is on the order of 10 −16 C. [ 47 ] The amount of charge carried by particles is much lower than the transferred charge of the GS‐TENG, so it will hardly affect the accuracy of the GS‐TENG.…”

“…Furthermore, Previous works indicate that the treated PTFE has the outstanding performance of hydrophobicity and a low coefficient of friction. [35,44,45] Hence, dust is difficult to adhere to the PTFE surface. In addition, maintenance is essential to make pneumatic conveying system working normally and efficiency.…”

Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerator Achieved by Centrifugal Force Induced Automatic Working Mode Transition

“…[ 3–7 ] By now, TENGs have been proven to be the most efficient way to convert mechanical movements to electricity as energy and sensing devices. [ 8–14 ] Typically, TENG are divided into four basic working modes, contact‐separation mode, [ 15 ] single electrode mode, [ 16 ] in‐plane sliding mode, [ 17 ] and free‐standing mode (FS), [ 18 ] among which FS‐TENG exhibits high energy conversion efficiency and is the easiest way to achieve the scavenging of regular motion such as rotation through advanced structure design. [ 19–21 ]…”

Flexible Textile‐Based Self‐Driven Sensor Used for Human Motion Monitoring

“…The principle of the self‐driven sensor is based on Maxwell's displacement current and the charges in surface polarization, which is the coupling of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction [11a]. The self‐driven sensor is mainly composed of electrodes and positive and negative triboelectric materials, the positive and negative charge of the material depends on the strength of the ability of the two materials to avail and lose electrons when they are in contact .…”