on display. As a significant media for showing various information, it is expected that the next-generation display is able to provide excellent vision experience, and be light and even energy-efficient. Over the past few decades, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted much attention owing to their promising application in next-generation display. [1][2][3][4][5] In comparison with commercialized organic LEDs (OLEDs), the emitting layer of QLEDs, inorganic colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have advantages of tunable emission, narrow line width, high quantum yield (QY), and inorganic nature, which offer QLEDs wide color gamut, high color purity and luminance, solution-processability, and potentially high stability. [6] Nowadays, cadmium-based (Cd-based) QDs and their corresponding QLEDs have obtained much progress through many studies from materials to devices. The external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of red, green, and blue emissive QLEDs have been improved to 30.9%, [7] 28.7%, [8] and 21.9%, [8] respectively. Moreover, they show high luminance, long lifetime, and high color purity. The excellent performance makes them potential alternatives to OLEDs in display. However, as a heavy metal element, Cd presents severe toxicity and environmental issues,dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), regarded as promising candidates in the next-generation display, have attracted much attention recently. In spite of the outstanding performance of cadmium-based (Cd-based) QLEDs, the toxicity of Cd hinders their wide application. Indium phosphide quantum dots (InP QDs) with heavy-metal-free feature and competitive performance are considered to be able to replace Cd-based QDs as emitting layer in the QLEDs. Much progress is obtained in the red-emitting and green-emitting InP-based QLEDs. However, the blue-emitting ones are faced with great challenges and are demanded on full-color display urgently, which is limited by the inferior performance of blue-emitting InP QDs and lack of investigations about their QLED devices. In this review, the encountered challenges for high-quality blue-emitting InP QDs are presented. Common strategies for blue-emitting InP QDs, including size engineering, composition engineering, and surface engineering are presented and analyzed. The progress of blue-emitting InP-based QLEDs, which strongly relies on the advances of materials, is also summarized. Finally, some perspectives from device physics are provided and discussed to inspire more efficient strategies toward blueemitting InP-based QLEDs.