Highly manufacturable 90 nm DRAM technology

Park, Yeaji; Cho, C.H.; Lee, K.H.; Roh, Byeong‐hee; Ahn, Yong-Seok; Lee, S.H.; Oh, Jeong-Hoon; Lee, J.G.; Kwak, Dong-Hwa; Shin, Seungwook; Bae, Jun-Sik; Kim, S.B.; Lee, J.K.; Lee, J.Y.; Kim, M.S.; Lee, J.W.; Lee, D.J.; Hong, Sun-Gi; Bae, Dong-il; Chun, Yeoun Sook; Park, S.H.; Yun, C.J.; Chung, Taeyoung; Kim, Kinam

doi:10.1109/iedm.2002.1175963

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Previously, refs. [28,[35][36][37] explored the automation test coverage to spot issues and potential security vulnerabilities in 4G and Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. For instance, ref.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing works in 5G cybersecurity training are instrumental but have limitations such as lack of realism [11], limited scope of attack scenarios [10,26,35], absence of comprehensive countermeasures [10,25,40], and the challenge of reproducibility [12,14]. This paper distinguishes itself from the abovementioned studies by presenting a comprehensive approach to training and evaluating cybersecurity defenders in a realistic 5G network envi-ronment.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper distinguishes itself from the abovementioned studies by presenting a comprehensive approach to training and evaluating cybersecurity defenders in a realistic 5G network envi-ronment. While previous research [10,12,25,26,35,40] has primarily focused on individual aspects of 5G security, such as network slicing, specific threat vectors, or the development of testing tools, our work integrates these insights to address the unique security challenges and vulnerabilities inherent in 5G networks. We propose an autonomous cybersecurity system, contextualized within the broader narrative of 5G security challenges, that is capable of emulating real-world 5G attack scenarios.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyber5Gym: An Integrated Framework for 5G Cybersecurity Training

Hamza,

Ejaz,

Kim

2024

Electronics

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The rapid evolution of 5G technology, while offering substantial benefits, concurrently presents complex cybersecurity challenges. Current cybersecurity systems often fall short in addressing challenges such as the lack of realism of the 5G network, the limited scope of attack scenarios, the absence of countermeasures, the lack of reproducible, and open-sourced cybersecurity training environments. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovative cybersecurity training systems, referred to as “cyber ranges”. In response to filling these gaps, we propose the Cyber5Gym, an integrated cyber range that enhances the automation of virtualized cybersecurity training in 5G networks with cloud-based deployment. Our framework leverages open-source tools (i) Open5GS and UERANSIM for realistic emulation of 5G networks, (ii) Docker for efficient virtualization of the training infrastructure, (iii) 5Greply for emulating attack scenarios, and (iv) Shell scripts for automating complex training operations. This integration facilitates a dynamic learning environment where cybersecurity professionals can engage in real-time attack and countermeasure exercises, thus significantly improving their readiness against 5G-specific cyber threats. We evaluated it by deploying our framework on Naver Cloud with 20 trainees, each accessing an emulated 5G network and managing 100 user equipments (UEs), emulating three distinct attack scenarios (SMC-Reply, DoS, and DDoS attacks), and exercising countermeasures, to demonstrate the cybersecurity training. We assessed the effectiveness of our framework through specific metrics such as successfully establishing the 5G network for all trainees, accurate execution of attack scenarios, and their countermeasure implementation via centralized control of the master using automated shell scripts. The open-source foundation of our framework ensures replicability and adaptability, addressing a critical gap in current cybersecurity training methodologies and contributing significantly to the resilience and security of 5G infrastructures.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyber5Gym: An Integrated Framework for 5G Cybersecurity Training

Hamza,

Ejaz,

Kim

2024

Electronics

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“…Ini mengusulkan metode untuk mengekstrak niat pengguna dari log pencarian web dan membangun peta niat yang mewakili kebutuhan informasi mereka [6]. Log pencarian pengguna berisi permintaan dan URL yang diklik terkait.…”

Section: Noun Sebagai Fiturunclassified

“…Keuntungan menggunakan umpan balik implisit adalah bahwa ia tidak mengganggu aktivitas pengguna tetapi kerugiannya adalah bahwa itu hanya penilaian sistem dari niat pengguna, sehingga mungkin tidak selalu akurat mencerminkan niat pengguna dalam setiap kasus. Di antara [4], [5] dan [6], [5] lebih cepat karena hanya menggunakan fitur URL dan tidak perlu mengambil halaman web dan memrosesnya terlebih dahulu. Dalam umpan balik eksplisit, pengguna secara eksplisit memberikan preferensinya sehingga lebih akurat daripada umpan balik implisit.…”

Section: Kesimpulanunclassified

Analisis Feature dan Machine Learning Untuk Pencarian Web

Cipta¹

2018

JSC

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The use of website socialization is increasingly still for that amount of information growing rapidly, the harder it is to find the information within the specified time. The main searches for searches that are irrelevant or incompatible with user preferences, keyword-based searches, short questions. In this paper, we will examine the various features used in information retrieval. We will also discuss the relevance of web pages with users. We have classified by feature. In the end, we will compare different techniques and their pros and cons are discussed.

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Metal‐Organic CVD of Conductive and Crystalline Hafnium Nitride Films

Kim

Baunemann

Parala

et al. 2005

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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ExperimentalReagents: Sodium amide and carbon disulfide were obtained from Aldrich. The reagent bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine was obtained from Matrix Scientific. CuCl 2´2 H 2 O (99.999 % metal purity) was obtained from Alfa Aesar. All reagents were used as received.Precursor Synthesis: Sodium amide (5.93 g, 0.152 mol) was added to a stirred solution of HN(CH 2 CF 3 ) 2 (25.00 g, 0.138 mol) in 60 mL dry ether at 0 C under nitrogen. After the complete consumption (dissolution) of the NaNH 2 (~30 min), CS 2 (11.57 g, 0.152 mol) was added dropwise to the dark brown solution, which was accompanied by a color change to reddish brown. Upon addition of CuCl 2´2 H 2 O (11.93 g, 0.070 mol), a dark precipitate formed. The precipitate was collected via vacuum filtration and the crude product was purified by repeated vacuum sublimation (~80 C/10 ±3 torr) to yield 76.91 g (97 %) of black-brown needles. Mass spectra were recorded with a Thermo Finnigan MAT900 XL high-resolution magnetic sector mass spectrometer (electron impact ionization, EI 70 eV Film Growth and Characterization: growth of Cu 2 S films using MOCVD was carried out using a previously described horizontal, cold-wall reactor [15]. During deposition runs, the glass precursor reservoir containing 1 was maintained at 105.0 C. A carrier gas flow rate of 150 sccm of ultrahigh purity Ar was passed through the thermostatted precursor reservoir. The precursor stream was mixed with ultrahigh purity O 2 immediately upstream of the susceptor. A total working pressure of 0.248 ± 0.005 torr was maintained during deposition. Corning 1737F glass substrates were purchased from Precision Glass and Optics and were cleaned with acetone, placed on the susceptor, dried in an oven at 105 C, and immediately placed in the susceptor holder of the laminar flow chamber of the MOCVD reactor. Film growth times were 3.0 h, and film thicknesses were measured with a Tencor P-10 step profilometer. Annealing under oxygen was carried out inside the MOCVD reactor by simply flowing O 2 (500 sccm, 0.442 torr) across the heated substrate (150 C) for 1 h. For annealing under hydrogen, forming gas (5 % H 2 /N 2 ) was used under a pressure of 1 torr, with all other variables remaining the same.XRD h±2h scans of the Cu 2 S films on glass were obtained with a Rigaku DMAX-A powder diffractometer using Ni-filtered Cu Ka radiation. Film composition was determined by XPS using an Omicron ESCA Al Ka anode. Hall effect and 4-probe conductivity data were collected using the Biorad HL5500 Hall effect measurement system at room temperature. Three samples each of non-annealed, hydrogen-annealed, and oxygen-annealed copper sulfide films were grown, and five random configurations on each were used in the collection of Hall data and error estimates. Optical transmittance spectra were acquired with a Cary 500 UV-vis-IR spectrophotometer and are referenced to the spectrum of a blank glass substrate.

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Highly manufacturable 90 nm DRAM technology

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Cyber5Gym: An Integrated Framework for 5G Cybersecurity Training

Cyber5Gym: An Integrated Framework for 5G Cybersecurity Training

Analisis Feature dan Machine Learning Untuk Pencarian Web

Metal‐Organic CVD of Conductive and Crystalline Hafnium Nitride Films

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