Highly microporous carbons from olive tree pruning: Optimization of chemical activation conditions

Mamaní, Arminda; Sardella, Fabiana; Giménez, Marianela; Deiana, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.102830

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The application of pressure in carbon dioxide activation in the study presented proved also to be more effective in microporosity development than a combined chemical (KOH) and physical activation (H 2 O–CO 2 ) of olive kernels at 800–900 °C, which resulted in 50–70%of microporosity content [17]. The considerable share of micropores, and in particular, the rise in the amount of supermicropores therefore makes carbonization pressure a parameter of interest when production of materials for various new applications, including double-layer electric capacitors, is concerned [20]. The relatively high share of ultramicropores reported for materials developed under pressurized conditions may be considered advantageous in the potential applications of carbon materials for CO 2 capture [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various research studies examining the application of olive stones [14,15,16,17,18] and, less extensively, of olive tree pruning residues [19,20] or mill waste [21,22,23,24,25,26] as activated carbon precursors are available in the literature, reporting their physical and chemical treatment effects and applicability in CO 2 , NO 2 , CH 4 , and gasoline vapors capture [27,28,29,30,31,32], as well as for dyes and heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions [21,24,25,26]. The activation of a raw precursor usually involves chemical treatment with acidic and/or alkali agents, like H 2 SO 4 [31], H 3 PO 4 [19,21,23,30,31], or KOH [20,23,31], followed by carbonization under inert gas atmosphere at an increased temperature, typically of 350–800 °C. In some works, carbon dioxide and steam activation of carbonized olive stones are reported [15,16,17,18,28,32,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olive Pomace-Derived Carbon Materials—Effect of Carbonization Pressure under CO2 Atmosphere

Howaniec

2019

Materials

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The valorization of waste and by-products from various industrial activities is a must in our world of depleting natural resources and increasing volume of environmentally negative waste materials. The economic utilization of solid biowaste involves predominantly its use as a carbon-neutral energy resource or a precursor of porous carbon materials, with a potential application range including sorption processes, energy storage, and electric engineering. With the considerable number of lignocellulosic residues tested and applied as the most suitable porous material precursors, such as woods, shells, stones, peels, husks, and stalks of various crop plants, there is still space and need for further developments in the valorization of high amounts of other types of biowaste. Here, the olive pomace was considered because of both the vast volume and the environmentally undesired (when stored) phytotoxic effect of its components. While the literature on chemical (acidic and alkali treatment) and physical activation (temperature, carbon dioxide, and/or steam) of various biowaste precursors is considerable, the effects of pressure in the carbonization step are reported rarely, although the results observed are promising. The same applies to reports on the application of olive pomace for porous materials production, which indicate that olive pomace currently seems to be underestimated as a carbon materials precursor. In the study presented, the combined effects of pressure (0.1–3 MPa), temperature (800 °C), and carbon dioxide atmosphere in the carbonization of olive pomace were assessed on the basis of qualitative and quantitative data on micro- and mesoporosity of the carbon materials produced. The results showed the positive effect of increasing the process pressure on the development of a porous structure, and particularly, on the development of supermicropores and ultramicropores under the carbonization conditions applied. Carbon material with the most developed porous structure and the highest share of micropores was obtained under the maximum pressure tested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Pomace-Derived Carbon Materials—Effect of Carbonization Pressure under CO2 Atmosphere

Howaniec

2019

Materials

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“…This observation suggests that KOH as an activating agent is more effective than H 3 PO 4 . Moreover, KOH is considered to be less toxic to the environment in comparison to ZnCl 2 or H 3 PO 4 , making it a reliable choice . Lin et al observed that soybean-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon as an ORR electrocatalyst demonstrated a current density of 5.09 mA cm –2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Waste Agarwood Leaves into Heteroatom-Doped Microporous Carbon for Highly Active Metal-Free Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Efficient Capacitive Energy Storage Application

Chakraborty,

Sharma,

Majee

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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The production of value-added materials from waste resources is a sustainable approach for solid waste management. Facile yet economic conversion of carbon-neutral biowastes into a metal-free porous carbon material with a high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and capacitive energy storage efficiency is critical for renewable energy conversion and storage technologies. Herein, a microporous carbon with a self-doped N heteroatom (ALPC) was successfully prepared from waste agarwood leaves through a chemical activation process. The synthesized ALPC-800 material containing N (11.23 atom %) and O (8.54 atom %) with a high surface area as an electrocatalyst for ORR shows an onset potential (E onset ) of 0.98 V and excellent limiting current density (J L ) of 6.09 mA cm −2 , which are comparable to 10 wt % Pt/C. ALPC-800 as an electrocatalyst shows a four-electron transfer-mediated ORR process which is supported by both experimental and theoretical findings. Also, ALPC-800 in a threeelectrode configuration for supercapacitors presented a high specific capacitance of 421 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 in an acidic electrolyte. More prominently, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor device based on ALPC-800 demonstrated a high capacitance retention of 91% after 6000 cycles at 1 A g −1 with a remarkable energy density of 21.15 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 4.93 kW kg −1 . Thus, this work provides an environmentally benign, simple, efficient, and economical method for energy storage and conversion applications. Being a metal-free catalyst, heteroatom-doped ALPC-800 carbon material synthesized from biowaste has the potential to replace the commercially available high-cost Pt/C catalyst for fuel cell application.

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“…The pore characteristics of activated carbon are determined by the activation process, precursor, and carbonization process, in that order [18], and the activation methods can be classified as physical or chemical [18][19][20]. Of these two methods, chemical activation can produce activated carbon with a micropore-rich pore structure and a high specific surface area [19,20] but at high economic cost. On the other hand, compared to chemical activation, physical activation produces activated carbon with a relatively low specific surface area [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo-Based Mesoporous Activated Carbon for High-Power-Density Electric Double-Layer Capacitors

et al. 2021

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Demand for hybrid energy storage systems is growing, but electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have insufficient output characteristics because of the microporous structure of the activated carbon electrode material. Commercially, activated carbon is prepared from coconut shells, which yield an activated carbon material (YP-50F) rich in micropores, whereas mesopores are desired in EDLCs. In this study, we prepared mesoporous activated carbon (PB-AC) using a readily available, environmentally friendly resource: bamboo. Crucially, modification using phosphoric acid and steam activation was carried out, which enabled the tuning of the crystal structure and the pore characteristics of the product. The structural characteristics and textural properties of the PB-AC were determined, and the specific surface area and mesopore volume ratio of the PB-AC product were 960–2700 m2/g and 7.5–44.5%, respectively. The high specific surface area and mesopore-rich nature originate from the phosphoric acid treatment. Finally, PB-AC was used as the electrode material in EDLCs, and the specific capacitance was found to be 86.7 F/g for the phosphoric-acid-treated sample steam activated at 900 °C for 60 min; this capacitance is 35% better than that of the commercial YP-50F (64.2 F/g), indicating that bamboo is a suitable material for the production of activated carbon.

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Highly microporous carbons from olive tree pruning: Optimization of chemical activation conditions

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

Olive Pomace-Derived Carbon Materials—Effect of Carbonization Pressure under CO2 Atmosphere

Olive Pomace-Derived Carbon Materials—Effect of Carbonization Pressure under CO2 Atmosphere

Transformation of Waste Agarwood Leaves into Heteroatom-Doped Microporous Carbon for Highly Active Metal-Free Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Efficient Capacitive Energy Storage Application

Bamboo-Based Mesoporous Activated Carbon for High-Power-Density Electric Double-Layer Capacitors

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