Highly oriented and physical properties of sprayed anatase Sn-doped TiO2 thin films with an enhanced antibacterial activity

Abstract

Pristine TiO 2 and Sn-doped TiO 2 thin films with different Sn doping levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 at.%) were deposited by employing a simplified spray pyrolysis technique. The XRD pattern of the films confirmed tetragonal structure with the polycrystalline nature. The films exhibited a pure anatase titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) with a strong orientation along (101) plane. The scanning electron microscopy image of 6 at.% Sn-doped TiO 2 thin film depicted nanosized grains with porous nature. The atomic force microscopy study had shown the columnar arrangement of grains with the increase in particle size and surface roughness for 6 at.% Sn-doped TiO 2 thin films. The optical transmittance was increased with the decrease in the optical energy band gap. The optical constants such as extinction coefficient and refractive index were determined. The intensity of the photoluminescence emission was observed at 398 nm for doped films. The resistivity decreased with the increasing carrier concentration and Hall mobility. The incorporation of Sn into TiO 2 matrix yielded a well-pronounced antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis.

Antibacterial and physicochemical properties of co‐sputtered CuSn thin films

“…Macrostrain can be defined by using the peak shift with the residual stress analysis, and microstrain can be obtained from the integral breadth . The lattice strain ( ε ) was calculated by using the following formula: …”

Facile synthesis of TiO 2 and Sn‐TiO 2 heterostructures based photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cells

“…The refractive indexes of photoanodes are shown in Figure 6. The reason of decrease in refractive index at higher wavelength and finally attaining a constant value may be the presence of high porosity in these films 58,59 …”

Dye degradation studies of Mo‐doped TiO2 thin films developed by reactive sputtering

“…The lattice strain of the films is almost constant at ~2.9299 × 10 −3 (Table ). Dhanapandian et al have observed a slightly high strain of 3.3663 × 10 −3 in Sn‐doped TiO 2 thin films.…”

“…The dislocation density of the films increases with the Mo dopant concentrations from 7.1 × 10 15 to 1.0 × 10 20 lines/m (Table ), because of the difference in ionic radii of Ti and Mo ions. Similar results have been observed by Dhanapandian et al when Sn is doped into TiO 2 for antibacterial applications.…”