Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017

Twabela, Augustin T.; Tshilenge, G.; Sakoda, Y.; Okamatsu, Masatoshi; Bushu, Ezekiel; Koné, Philippe Soumahoro; Wiersma, Lidewij; Zamperin, Gianpiero; Drago, Alessandra; Zecchin, Bianca; Monne, Isabella

doi:10.3201/eid2407.172123

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The first detected virus (A/Brown-headed_Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-LU/2016) had an HPAI virus H5 clade 2.3.4.4b-derived backbone of segments 4, 6, and 8, combined with segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 from different Asian low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses ( 24 , 25 ). After May 2016, this reassortant was not detected until May 2017, when it reemerged in domestic ducks in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( 26 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Lycett

Pohlmann

Staubach

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause severe disease in poultry and wild birds, and occasionally in humans. In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have spilled over into wild birds and spread via bird migration to countries in Europe, Africa, and North America. In 2016/2017, this spillover resulted in the largest HPAI epidemic on record in Europe and was associated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Here, we show that the seven main H5 reassortant viruses had various combinations of gene segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Using detailed time-resolved phylogenetic analysis, most of these gene segments likely originated from wild birds and at dates and locations that corresponded to their hosts’ migratory cycles. However, some gene segments in two reassortant viruses likely originated from domestic anseriforms, either in spring 2016 in east China or in autumn 2016 in central Europe. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to domestic anseriforms in Asia, both migratory wild birds and domestic anseriforms in Europe are relevant sources of gene segments for recent reassortant H5 HPAI viruses. The ease with which these H5 HPAI viruses reassort, in combination with repeated spillovers of H5 HPAI viruses into wild birds, increases the risk of emergence of a reassortant virus that persists in wild bird populations yet remains highly pathogenic for poultry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Lycett

Pohlmann

Staubach

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Egypt, Tunisia and Nigeria were the first countries reporting the disease [8][9][10] , followed by Niger, Cameroon and Uganda [11][12][13] . In spring 2017, the virus reached the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) 14 , Zimbabwe and South Africa 11,15 and in February 2019 new cases were reported in Namibia 16 . Currently, Gs/GD HPAI H5Nx poses a substantial threat to the poultry population in several African countries, and distinct clades are co-circulating in West Africa ( 17,18 (Supplementary Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disentangling the role of Africa in the global spread of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza

et al. 2019

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The role of Africa in the dynamics of the global spread of a zoonotic and economically-important virus, such as the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx of the Gs/GD lineage, remains unexplored. Here we characterise the spatiotemporal patterns of virus diffusion during three HPAI H5Nx intercontinental epidemic waves and demonstrate that Africa mainly acted as an ecological sink of the HPAI H5Nx viruses. A joint analysis of host dynamics and continuous spatial diffusion indicates that poultry trade as well as wild bird migrations have contributed to the virus spreading into Africa, with West Africa acting as a crucial hotspot for virus introduction and dissemination into the continent. We demonstrate varying paths of avian influenza incursions into Africa as well as virus spread within Africa over time, which reveal that virus expansion is a complex phenomenon, shaped by an intricate interplay between avian host ecology, virus characteristics and environmental variables.

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“…An HPAI H5N8 subtype virus was reported from ducks and a chicken in 2017. A total of 11 ducks, out of 21 sampled, were found to be positive for the H5 subtype of avian influenza virus using reverse-transcription PCR [170]. This study assumed possible contraction of the disease from wild birds.…”

Section: Democratic Republic Of Congomentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Disentangling the role of Africa in the global spread of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

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