Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreaks in Wild Birds and Poultry, South Korea

Kim, Hye-Ryoung; Lee, Youn‐Jeong; Park, Choi‐Kyu; Oem, Jae-Ku; Lee, O-Soo; Kang, Hyun-Mi; Choi, Jun‐Gu; Bae, You-Chan

doi:10.3201/1803.111490

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…All isolated H5N1 viruses during the 2010-2011 HPAI outbreak showed high sequence homology and had a high haemagglutinin gene homology (>99.5%; Kim et al, 2012). Although there have been several publications in the literature on the effects of age, they were all in experimentally infected birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of signs and pathology of H5N1-infected ducks from the 2010–2011 Korean highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak suggests the influence of age and management practices on severity of disease

et al. 2015

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We compared the clinical signs, histopathological lesions and distribution of viral antigens among infected young (meat-type) and older (breeder) ducks that were naturally infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus during the 2010-2011 Korean outbreak. The meat-type ducks had a high mortality rate (30%) and showed severe neurological signs such as head tremors and paresis. In contrast, HPAI-infected breeder ducks had minimal clinical signs but a decreased egg production rate. The histopathological characteristics of infected meattype ducks included necrotic lesions of heart and brain, which may have primarily contributed to the high mortality rate. In contrast, the breeder ducks only presented necrotic splenitis, and viral antigens were only detected in the trachea, lungs and spleen. Younger ducks had a high viral titre in the organs, high levels of viral shedding and a high mortality rate after experimental HPAI virus infection. Compared to the breeder ducks, the meat-type ducks were raised in smaller farms that had poor quarantine and breeding facilities. It is therefore possible that better biosecurity in the breeder farms could have reduced the infection dose and subsequently the severity of the disease. Thus, age and management may be the influencing factors for HPAI susceptibility in ducks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The migratory birds routinely fly over the duck farms and the droppings may have been one of the major sources of HPAI during the Korean HPAI outbreak (Kim et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of signs and pathology of H5N1-infected ducks from the 2010–2011 Korean highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak suggests the influence of age and management practices on severity of disease

et al. 2015

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“…2), represented by the human isolates Hubei/1/10 and Guangxi/1/09. Clade 2.3.2 viruses were originally identified from wild birds (42,43) but have also been reported in domestic poultry, such as chickens and ducks (44)(45)(46). This clade contains recent H5N1 isolates and is located at the extremity of the phylogenetic tree, indicating active virus evolution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Reassortment of Multiple Subtypes of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Dongting Lake Region of China

Deng

Dai

Shi

et al. 2013

J Virol

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bTo gain insight into the ecology of avian influenza viruses (AIV), we conducted active influenza virus surveillance in domestic ducks on farms located on the flyway of migratory birds in the Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, China, from winter 2011 until spring 2012. Specimens comprising 3,030 duck swab samples and 1,010 environmental samples were collected from 101 duck farms. We isolated AIV of various HA subtypes, including H3, H4, H5, H6, H9, H10, H11, and H12. We sequenced the entire coding sequences of the genomes of 28 representative isolates constituting 13 specific subtypes. When the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates were examined, we observed that extensive reassortment events had occurred. Among the 28 Dongting Lake viruses, 21 genotypes involving the six internal genes were identified. Furthermore, we identified viruses or viral genes introduced from other countries, viral gene segments of unknown origin, and a novel HA/NA combination. Our findings emphasize the importance of farmed domestic ducks in the Dongting Lake region to the genesis and evolution of AIV and highlight the need for continued surveillance of domestic ducks in this region.

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“…Of these 40 birds, 12 were tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula) and 11 were mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata). Mandarin duck was also dominant among the wild birds with HPAIV in the outbreaks in Korea [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Around the same time, the HPAI outbreaks occurred in both domestic and wild bird populations in South Korea [7]. Just before these outbreaks, H5N1 HPAIVs were isolated from fecal samples of migrating ducks in the northernmost part of Japan in autumn of 2010 [4], and also from the healthy mallard ducks captured in South Korea in 2010 [6].…”

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Pathogenicity of an H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in the 2010–2011 Winter in Japan to Mandarin Ducks

Soda

Usui

Uno

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Widespread outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by H5N1 viruses occurred in wild birds in Japan from 2010-2011. Forty out of 63 deceased wild birds belonged to the order Anseriformes, and mandarin duck was one of the dominant species. To estimate the risk of mandarin ducks as a source of virus infection in the environment, we examined the pathogenicity of a causal H5N1 HPAI virus to mandarin ducks. About half of the mandarin ducks died by inoculation with 10 7.0 TCID 50 of A/mandarin duck/ Miyazaki/22M807-1/2011 (H5N1). Viruses were mainly recovered from the trachea of the ducks sacrificed at three days post inoculation (d.p.i.). Viruses were recovered from the laryngopharyngeal swabs of the observation group until 5 d.p.i. In ducks that died at the late phase of infection, viruses were detected in the systemic organs, such as lung, kidney and colon. Together, these results showed that the H5N1 HPAI viruses, which belonged to clade 2.3.2.1 and are mainly circulating in East Asia, were lethal to mandarin ducks, indicating that mandarin ducks have the potential to disseminate the virus to other bird species. Therefore, wild birds should be kept out of poultry farms to prevent HPAI outbreaks in the future. KEY WORDS: H5N1, influenza virus, mandarin duck, pathogenicity.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreaks in Wild Birds and Poultry, South Korea

Cited by 66 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of signs and pathology of H5N1-infected ducks from the 2010–2011 Korean highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak suggests the influence of age and management practices on severity of disease

Analysis of signs and pathology of H5N1-infected ducks from the 2010–2011 Korean highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak suggests the influence of age and management practices on severity of disease

Complex Reassortment of Multiple Subtypes of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Dongting Lake Region of China

Pathogenicity of an H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in the 2010–2011 Winter in Japan to Mandarin Ducks

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