Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection of companion animals

Ly, Hinh

doi:10.1080/21505594.2023.2289780

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Viruses may acquire substitutions to adapt to the CNS and substantial virus production in the brain can result in severe meningoencephalitis in ferrets. In addition to wild mammals, cats and dogs, can be infected by HPAI H5N1 virus and these infections can be fatal in some cases [34][35][36]. In June 2023, cats in Poland tested positive for HPAI H5N1 virus and the possible infection route is cat food [37].…”

Section: Hpai H5n1 Virus Infection In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Gao,

Sreenivasan,

Feng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Cattle are susceptible to influenza D infection and serve as a reservoir for this seven-segmented influenza virus. It is generally thought that bovines are not a host of other types of influenza viruses including type A. This long-standing viewpoint has been challenged by the recent highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in dairy cows in the United States. To date, HPAI H5N1 has spread into nine states affecting 49 dairy herds and causing clinical symptoms including reduced appetite, fever, and a sudden drop in milk production. This review article describes the current epidemiological landscape of HPAI H5N1 in U.S. dairy cows and the recent interspecies transmission events of HPAI H5N1 in other mammals reported in other countries. The review also discusses adaptation mutations of HPAI H5N1 to mammalian hosts and vaccination strategies. Finally, it summarizes some immediate questions that need to be addressed towards a better understanding of infection biology, transmission, and immune response of HPAI H5N1 in bovines.

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Section: Hpai H5n1 Virus Infection In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Gao,

Sreenivasan,

Feng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…It is important to note that H5N1 virus infections of humans (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/chart-epi-curve-ah5n1.html) and other farmed and domesticated animals elsewhere in the world, such as mink (fur animals) in Finland and Spain, and pet cats and dogs in France, Poland, and Italy have recently been reported and summarized. 6 Since the infection and transmission routes of these highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses in livestock, companion animals, and humans are still poorly understood, additional efforts on surveillance and experimental studies of H5N1 infection of the susceptible animal species are needed to fully understand its ecology, transmission route(s), and disease pathology and pathogenesis to prevent potential future outbreaks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent history and biology of H5N1 influenza A virus infections of farm animals (poultry, goat, alpacas, dairy cattle, barn cats) and humans in the United States of America

2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Harnessing PROTACs to combat H5N1 influenza: A new frontier in viral destruction

Mukerjee,

Maitra,

Mukherjee

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, poses an ongoing and significant threat to global public health, primarily due to its potential to cause severe respiratory illness and high mortality rates in humans. Despite extensive efforts in vaccination and antiviral therapy, H5N1 continues to exhibit high mutation rates, resulting in recurrent outbreaks and the emergence of drug‐resistant strains. Traditional antiviral therapies, such as neuraminidase inhibitors and M2 ion channel blockers, have demonstrated limited efficacy, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. Proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) emerge as a novel and promising approach, leveraging the ubiquitin‐proteasome system to selectively degrade pathogenic proteins. Unlike conventional inhibitors that only block protein function, PROTACs eliminate the target protein, providing a sustained therapeutic effect and potentially reducing the development of resistance. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the current landscape of H5N1 infections, detailing the pathogenesis and challenges associated with existing treatments. It further explores the mechanism of action, design, and therapeutic potential of PROTACs in inhibiting H5N1. By targeting essential viral proteins, such as hemagglutinin and the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase complex, PROTACs hold the potential to revolutionize the treatment of H5N1 infections, offering a new frontier in antiviral therapy.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection of companion animals

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Recent history and biology of H5N1 influenza A virus infections of farm animals (poultry, goat, alpacas, dairy cattle, barn cats) and humans in the United States of America

Harnessing PROTACs to combat H5N1 influenza: A new frontier in viral destruction

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