“…Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor the concentration of these pollutants in wastewater and to implement effective and cost-effective treatment methods that ensure their removal from the effluent before it rises above critical values ( Jawad and Abdulhameed, 2020 ; Dehmani et al, 2021 ; Loutfi et al, 2023 ). For this aim, the several physical, chemical, and biological methods were developed and used to treat of dye-containing wastewater such as adsorption ( Kim et al, 2023 ), membrane filtration ( Zhao et al, 2021 ), ion exchange ( Joseph et al, 2020 ), photocatalytic degradation ( Fu and Ren, 2020 ), coagulation-flocculation ( Ihaddaden et al, 2022 ), electro-fenton ( Jinisha et al, 2018 ), anodic oxidation ( Mo et al, 2020 ), electrocoagulation ( El-Ashtoukhy and Amin, 2010 ), advanced oxidation ( Dadban Shahamat et al, 2022 ), reverse osmosis ( Nataraj et al, 2009 ), enzyme ( Riegas-Villalobos et al, 2020 ), bacteria ( Srinivasan et al, 2022 ), yeast ( Martorell et al, 2012 ), fungal ( Gul et al, 2023 ), and algae ( Zhang et al, 2022 ) assisted degradation ( Al-Tohamy et al, 2022 ).…”