Highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries

Abstract

The electrochemical performance of carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrodes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is enhanced by optimizing the morphological and physical properties of low-cost electrospun CNFs. The surface area,...

Cathode materials for halide-based aqueous redox flow batteries: recent progress and future perspectives

“…32 Nowadays, the ZBRFB usually uses carbon felts (CFs) and graphite felts (GFs) as electrode materials, owing to the high specific surface area, high conductivity, high mechanical strength, and chemical stability, etc . 33,34 Adding specific catalytic centers such as oxygen functional groups or nitrogen (N) centers to the surface of the electrode is also proposed to increase the kinetics of the Br 2 /Br − redox reaction. 35 Dixon et al by modifying the GFs electrode by thermal treatment and plasma treatment with the oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres, which increased the surface area, fabricated oxygen functional group defects as well as N doping in the GFs.…”

Recent Advances for Electrode Modifications in Flow Batteries: Properties, Mechanisms, and Outlooks

“…As shown in Figure 5(g–k), J.K. Kim et al. fabricated porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) as VFB electrodes by electrospinning [60] . The surface area, porosity, and electrical conductivity of CNFs can be tuned by changing the precursors.…”

“…As shown in Figure 5(g-k), J.K. Kim et al fabricated porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) as VFB electrodes by electrospinning. [60] The surface area, porosity, and electrical conductivity of CNFs can be tuned by changing the precursors. The graphitic carbon layer was formed under high-temperature carbonization, which improved the electrical conductivity of CNFs.…”

Review—Flow Batteries from 1879 to 2022 and Beyond

“…1.1 μm fibers with ca. 15 μm voids in between, 281 or 20 nm wide pits etched on the surface of 200 nm wide carbon fibers, 282 or carbon nanoribbons with 0.4 × 0.8 μm cross-section, 272 or carbon nanotubes grown on microfibers in commercial carbon felt [283][284][285] were less successful in improving the power-efficiency performance of a VRFB on the complete cell level at practically relevant current densities (i.e. over 0.2 A cm −12 ).…”