Highly Porous Materials with Unique Mechanical Properties from Smart Capillary Suspensions

Dittmann, Jens; Maurath, Johannes; Bitsch, Boris; Willenbacher, Norbert

doi:10.1002/adma.201504910

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Porous materials have been synthetically produced using replica techniques, emulsion templating approaches, direct foaming, capillary suspensions, and additive manufacturing 12–15 . Emulsion templating and direct foaming are particularly interesting because the oil droplets and air bubbles of emulsions and foams can be easily tuned to generate materials spanning a wide range of porosities and pore sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of sacrificial templates into hierarchical porous materials

Alison

Menasce

Bouville

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

102

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Hierarchical porous materials are widespread in nature and find an increasing number of applications as catalytic supports, biological scaffolds and lightweight structures. Recent advances in additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies have enabled the digital fabrication of porous materials in the form of lattices, cellular structures and foams across multiple length scales. However, current approaches do not allow for the fast manufacturing of bulk porous materials featuring pore sizes that span broadly from macroscopic dimensions down to the nanoscale. Here, ink formulations are designed and investigated to enable 3D printing of hierarchical materials displaying porosity at the nano-, micro- and macroscales. Pores are generated upon removal of nanodroplets and microscale templates present in the initial ink. Using particles to stabilize the droplet templates is key to obtain Pickering nanoemulsions that can be 3D printed through direct ink writing. The combination of such self-assembled templates with the spatial control offered by the printing process allows for the digital manufacturing of hierarchical materials exhibiting thus far inaccessible multiscale porosity and complex geometries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of sacrificial templates into hierarchical porous materials

Alison

Menasce

Bouville

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

102

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“…The secondary liquid forms capillary bridges between the particles and, thus, a sample-spanning network of flocculated particles is formed [18][19][20]. Upon the creation of this particle network, the suspension becomes gel-like and can be molded, debinded and subsequently sintered to produce porous ceramics with open porosities > 50% and pore sizes in the range of 1 μm to 50 μm that exhibit high mechanical stability and high permeability coefficients [17,[21][22][23]. The advantage of capillary suspension processing over other established methods lies in the fabrication of bodies with porosities above 50% combined with pore sizes less than 10 μm, a combination that is arduous with the aforementioned processing routes [1,6,17,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrinkage and dimensional accuracy of porous ceramics derived from capillary suspensions

Weiß

Maurath

Willenbacher

et al. 2019

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Shrinkage and dimensional accuracy are of particular importance for industrial material production. High dimensional accuracy directly lowers finishing works and cost. Capillary suspension processing is a novel, easy method to produce highly porous ceramic materials. Their shrinkage and shape accuracy is investigated during processing using a laser microscope. The total shrinkage is reduced by 20% for capillary suspension compared to pure suspension. This results from an increase in linear shape accuracy for top radii as well as height. The linear shape accuracy is increased by 6% in top radius and by 16% in height by using the capillary suspension phenomenon. We also show that this capillary suspension method is applicable for continuous shaping processes, like extrusion. The combination of an easy, robust processing route with known dimensional accuracy and applicability for continuous shaping processes makes this capillary suspension processing route highly desirable for industrial processes.

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“…The pendular state is characterized by individual capillary bridges between the particles (binary interactions), while the capillary state often appears in multibody particle clusters [17,19,20,21]. Capillary suspensions in the pendular state have already been used to produce porous materials by either sintering or locally fusing the microparticles [22]. A proof of concept for direct polymerization within the capillary bridges was shown by Hauf et al [23], where a simple method for direct polymerization in the bridges at temperatures below 100 °C, requiring less time and effort than existing methods, is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hauf et al investigated the chemistry, including the chemical composition and molecular weight distribution of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) capillary bridges between glass particles to demonstrate how the bridge structure and the resulting porous body properties could be tuned. Bitsch et al were successful in using a reactive epoxy resin as the secondary fluid to connect plate shaped graphite particles, resulting in lightweight conductive open porous bodies (ε=60 –75%), with a compressive strength of 0.1–1 MPa [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Porous Glass Composite Materials Based on Capillary Suspensions

et al. 2019

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In this article, we present a simple, advanced method to produce lightweight tailor-made materials based on capillary suspensions that are made from locally bonded hollow glass spheres with a high total porosity in the range of 70% at apparent densities of 200 kg/m3, having a compressive strength of 0.6 MPa. The amount of added liquid and the particle surface treatment determine the network structure in the pastes and the resulting microstructure of the porous material in a straightforward manner. This structure has a strong impact on the porosity, pore size, and mechanical properties of the final body. The most promising porous materials were made of surface treated hollow glass spheres that create a sample-spanning network in the capillary state, where the added liquid wets the particles worse than the bulk fluid. These samples approach the density of natural balsa wood and they may find application in fields where either weight or structure are important, such as in insulation materials, filters, and membranes, as well as lightweight construction materials for automotive or aerospace engineering.

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Highly Porous Materials with Unique Mechanical Properties from Smart Capillary Suspensions

Cited by 41 publications

References 42 publications

3D printing of sacrificial templates into hierarchical porous materials

3D printing of sacrificial templates into hierarchical porous materials

Shrinkage and dimensional accuracy of porous ceramics derived from capillary suspensions

Lightweight Porous Glass Composite Materials Based on Capillary Suspensions

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