Highly resolved mapping of NO₂ vertical column densities from GeoTASO measurements over a megacity and industrial area during the KORUS-AQ campaign

Abstract

Abstract. The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign is a joint study between the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the South Korea National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) to monitor megacity and transboundary air pollution around the Korean Peninsula using airborne and ground-based measurements. Here, tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) slant column density (SCD) measurements were retrieved from Geostationary Trace and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) L1B data during the KORUS-AQ campaign (May 1 to June 10, 2016). The retrieved SCDs were converted to tropospheric vertical column densities using the air mass factor (AMF) obtained from a radiative transfer calculation with trace gas profiles and aerosol property inputs simulated with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and surface reflectance data obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). For the first time, we examine highly resolved (250 m × 250 m resolution) tropospheric NO2 over the Seoul and Busan metropolitan regions, and the industrial regions of Anmyeon. We reveal that the maximum NO2 VCDs were 4.94 × 1016 and 1.46 × 1017 molecules cm−2 at 9 AM and 3 PM over Seoul, respectively, 6.86 × 1016 and 4.89 × 1016 molecules cm−2 in the morning and afternoon over Busan, respectively, and 1.64 × 1016 molecules cm−2 over Anmyeon. The data retrieved from the GeoTASO airborne instrument were well correlated with those obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) (r = 0.65), NASA’s Pandora Spectrometer System (r = 0.84), and NO2 mixing ratios obtained from in situ measurements (r = 0.78 in the afternoon). Based on our results, GeoTASO is useful for identifying hotspots of NO2 and its spatial distribution in highly populated cities and industrial areas.

New Insights Into the Role of Atmospheric Transport and Mixing on Column and Surface Concentrations of NO2 at a Coastal Urban Site

“…When this measurement is compared to an urban-deployed Pandora with a smaller footprint that is most representative of the urban conditions alone, the measurements disagree. Pandora-derived direct-sun DOAS observations have also been extensively compared with aircraft-based observations from GeoTASO and GCAS and have generally been found to agree well with these instruments (Choo et al, 2022;Judd et al, 2019Judd et al, , 2020Nowlan et al, 2016Nowlan et al, , 2018Souri et al, 2018).…”