Highly reversible Zn anode with a practical areal capacity enabled by a sustainable electrolyte and superacid interfacial chemistry

Engineering a self-adaptive electric double layer on both electrodes for high-performance zinc metal batteries

“…Apparently, when ImS/ZSO electrolyte was used, the cell delivered over 2100 plating/stripping cycles with an ultrahigh average CE of 99.9%, which further demonstrates the inhibitory effect of ImS additive on parasitic reactions. The CE of the Zn//Cu cell in ImS/ZSO electrolyte can still reach ∼99.8% after 200 cycles and even the current density and capacity are increased to 40 mA cm −2 and 10 mA h cm −2 , which outperform the current study 19,37,50–54 (Fig. 3i).…”

Chemical Welding of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface by Zn‐Metal‐Initiated In Situ Gelation for Ultralong‐Life Zn‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 7 ] Besides, the ex situ prepared GPEs, especially those that require the introduction of Zn 2+ by soaking in a zinc salt solution, [ 8 ] have a high water content, which results in a large number of high activity of H 2 O at the interface, thereby facilitating the parasitic reactions. [ 9 ] Fortunately, in situ GPEs can solve the interfacial issues, such as poor solid–solid interface contact and interfacial side reactions, because the liquid monomer molecules can completely infiltrate the solid electrodes before in situ crosslinking. [ 10 ] The polymer network formed in situ on the electrode surface shows a well‐bonded interface and also inhibits the activity of water molecules through the formation of hydrogen bonds, thereby greatly suppressing the formation of dendrites (Figure 1b).…”

“…[7] Besides, the ex situ prepared GPEs, especially those that require the introduction of Zn 2+ by soaking in a zinc salt solution, [8] have a high water content, which results in a large number of high activity of H 2 O at the interface, thereby facilitating the parasitic reactions. [9] Fortunately, in situ GPEs can solve the interfacial issues, such as poor solid-solid interface contact and interfacial side reactions, because the liquid monomer molecules can completely infiltrate the solid electrodes before A compatible and robust electrode-electrolyte interface is favorable in resolving the severe dendritic growth and side reactions of aqueous Zn-ion batteries toward commercial-standard lifespan and charging-discharging rate. Herein, a chemical welding strategy through in situ construction of a gel electrolyte that enables Zn-ion batteries to achieve ultralong life and reversibility is reported.…”

Solid Electrolyte Interface in Zn-Based Battery Systems

“…Li et al report a new additive: N , N -dimethylformamidium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DOTf) into ZnSO 4 solution, in which the initial water-assisted dissociation of DOTf into triflic superacid creates a robust nanostructured SEI which excludes water and enables dense Zn deposition. Meanwhile, it effectively solves the problem of Zn dendrites and the formation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in water system [ 80 ]. An artificial SEI with rich electron-donating functional group (cyano group) is reported for the formation the rich-cyano SEI (rc-SEI), which can improve the desolvation kinetics by formation interaction force between cyano group and water sheath of hydrated ions [ 81 ].…”

“…The Zn|In electrode shows 54 mV ultralow voltage hysteresis and withstands 1500 h of plating/ stripping cycle [78]. The 3D nanoporous ZnO structure coating can accelerate the ions transfer and deposition kinetics of Zn 2+ through electrostatic attraction of Zn 2+ , instead of hydrating Zn 2+ in an electric bilayer [79] dendrites and the formation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in water system [80]. An artificial SEI with rich electron-donating functional group (cyano group) is reported for the formation the rich-cyano SEI (rc-SEI), which can improve the desolvation kinetics by formation interaction force between cyano group and water sheath of hydrated ions [81].…”