INTRODUCTIONAmong all the catalytic asymmetric methodologies to chiral compounds, homogenous transition metal -catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation plays a particularly important role [1] . Its highly effi cient, environmental friendly, and cost -effective natures have undoubtly made it one of the most studied methodologies during the past 40 years. As a result, the vast number of catalytic systems developed has also had a signifi cant impact on other areas of asymmetric catalysis [2] . More signifi cantly, the achievements from academia research on asymmetric hydrogenation were frequently acknowledged with industrial applications, which, in turn, provide an important driving force for its basic research [3] .Hundreds of catalytic systems have been developed since the seminal discoveries from Knowles and Sabacky [4] , Kagan and Dang [5] , and Horner et al. [6] . In many cases, series of chiral catalysts were developed based on the similar scaffolds and were prepared for the same reactions. Although these analogous ligands are more likely prepared for the purpose of patent protection other than academic curiosity, they indeed provide us an excellent opportunity to compare, evaluate, and study every aspect of the catalysts in asymmetric hydrogenation. In the meantime, a large number of prochiral unsaturated compounds have been successfully hydrogenated with excellent enantioselectivities. Practical applications with very low catalyst loadings and complex substrate structures have continued to emerge since the publication of the last edition of this book.