Highly selective separation of individual platinum group metals (Pd, Pt, Rh) from acidic chloride media using phosphonium-based ionic liquid in aromatic diluent

Nguyen, Van Tam; Lee, Jae-chun; Chagnes, Alexandre; Kim, Min-seuk; Jeong, Jaeseung; Cote, Gérard

doi:10.1039/c6ra09328k

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, in HCl media, the chlorocomplexes, i.e.

{PtCl}_{6}^{2 -}

{PdCl}_{4}^{2 -}

, and

{RhCl}_{5}^{2 -}

are the dominant species, according to their stability constant data and previous studies . The extraction of each metal proceeds through an anion exchange mechanism as follows:

{PtCl}_{6_{aq}}^{2 -} + \overset{2 ((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+} {Cl}^{-})}{true} ⇌ \overset{{(R_{3} R^{'} P^{+})}_{2} ((), {italicPtCl}_{6}^{2 -})}{true} + 2 {Cl}_{aq}^{-},

{PdCl}_{4_{aq}}^{2 -} + \overset{2 ((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+} {Cl}^{-})}{true} ⇌ \overset{{(R_{3} R^{'} P^{+})}_{2} ((), {italicPdCl}_{4}^{2 -})}{true} + 2 {Cl}_{aq}^{-},

{RhCl}_{5_{aq}}^{2 -} + \overset{2 ((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+} {Cl}^{-})}{true} ⇌ \overset{{(R_{3} R^{'} P^{+})}_{2} ((), {italicRhCl}_{5}^{2 -})}{true}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…(a). In the Pd(II) extraction,

{PdCl}_{4}^{2 -}

reaches rapid equilibrium with

{PdCl}_{3}^{-}

at low HCl concentrations (<2 mol L −1 ) . Thus,

((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+}) ((), {italicPdCl}_{3}^{-})

is formed according to Equation at low HCl range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is in agreement with the water content of both ionic liquids, which was found to be highest in P 66614 Cl. The extractability depends on the overall enthalpy and entropy contribution to Δ G ex , and a negative value indicates that the extraction process is spontaneous at a given temperature . The novel P 88812 Cl ionic liquid was confirmed to be a favorable extractant for Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, phosphonium‐based ionic liquids have gained interest for their applications in PGM extraction. Commercially available trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride, bromide and bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpenthyl)phosphinate dissolved in an organic solvent have been shown to have good extraction capabilities towards Pt(IV) and Pd(II) in hydrochloric acid media . In conventional extraction, the extraction of Rh(III) is known to be difficult compared with Pt(IV) and Pd(II).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent extraction of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) with the ionic liquid trioctyl(dodecyl) phosphonium chloride

Firmansyah

Kubota

Goto

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Recycling of spent platinum group metals (PGMs) has attracted much attention in order to overcome the problems associated with the low natural abundance of these resources. To recycle such metals, efficient hydrometallurgical processes are required. To improve the efficiency of these processes, we have designed a new phosphonium‐based ionic liquid as an extraction solvent. This paper reports on the potential use of the ionic liquid for extraction and separation of PGMs, namely Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III). RESULTS An ionic liquid, trioctyl(dodecyl)phosphonium chloride, P88812Cl, which was newly synthesized, showed highly efficient extraction for Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III). P88812Cl features several advantages as an extraction solvent, such as high hydrophobicity and low viscosity compared with those features of a commercial analogue, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P66614Cl). The favorable features of our novel ionic liquid were reflected by its high extraction efficiency and low release of phosphorus from the ionic liquid into the aqueous feed solution. Stripping operations were possible, and the high reusability of the ionic liquid was confirmed. CONCLUSION The novel ionic liquid P88812Cl is potentially useful as an extraction solvent for PGMs. Results highlight the strengths of ionic liquids and the tuneability of their properties through design of their molecular structure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…However, in HCl media, the chlorocomplexes, i.e.

{PtCl}_{6}^{2 -}

{PdCl}_{4}^{2 -}

, and

{RhCl}_{5}^{2 -}

are the dominant species, according to their stability constant data and previous studies . The extraction of each metal proceeds through an anion exchange mechanism as follows:

{PtCl}_{6_{aq}}^{2 -} + \overset{2 ((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+} {Cl}^{-})}{true} ⇌ \overset{{(R_{3} R^{'} P^{+})}_{2} ((), {italicPtCl}_{6}^{2 -})}{true} + 2 {Cl}_{aq}^{-},

{PdCl}_{4_{aq}}^{2 -} + \overset{2 ((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+} {Cl}^{-})}{true} ⇌ \overset{{(R_{3} R^{'} P^{+})}_{2} ((), {italicPdCl}_{4}^{2 -})}{true} + 2 {Cl}_{aq}^{-},

{RhCl}_{5_{aq}}^{2 -} + \overset{2 ((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+} {Cl}^{-})}{true} ⇌ \overset{{(R_{3} R^{'} P^{+})}_{2} ((), {italicRhCl}_{5}^{2 -})}{true}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…(a). In the Pd(II) extraction,

{PdCl}_{4}^{2 -}

reaches rapid equilibrium with

{PdCl}_{3}^{-}

at low HCl concentrations (<2 mol L −1 ) . Thus,

((), R_{3} R^{'} P^{+}) ((), {italicPdCl}_{3}^{-})

is formed according to Equation at low HCl range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Solvent extraction of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) with the ionic liquid trioctyl(dodecyl) phosphonium chloride

Firmansyah

Kubota

Goto

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Commercial extractants such as crown ethers and octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) and newly synthesized extractants have been used to extract cationic metal ions [10,12]. Furthermore, ILs have been used for extraction both dissolved in organic solvents [13][14][15] and as an undiluted extraction phase [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Phosphonium based ILs such as trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, bromide and phosphinate have been applied to the separation of PGMs [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Separation of Pt and Pd by an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Combined with Phosphonium Chloride

Kubota

Shigyo

Yoshida

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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Extraction and separation of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) from a hydrochloric acid solution was examined with a mixture of undiluted ionic liquids, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C 8 mim][Tf 2 N]) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P 6,6,6,14 [Tf 2 N] shows a high selectivity for Pt(VI), whereas [P 6,6,6,14 ][Cl] has a high extraction ability for both Pt(IV) and Pd(II). The addition of [P 6,6,6,14 ][Cl] to [C 8

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Precious Metal Separations

Narita

Kasuya

Suzuki

et al. 2020

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Separation of precious metals (PMs) is becoming increasingly important because of their growing application in industrial products, such as electronics and catalysts. Most PM separation and purification processes are performed using acidic chloride solutions; therefore, a thorough understanding of the chemical properties and separation mechanisms of PM chloridometalates in solution is of key importance for improving these processes. This article focuses on the solvent extraction of PM ions from acidic chloride solutions as the main technology for the mutual separation of PMs. In addition, leaching methods, dominant species in acidic chloride solutions, and non‐solvent‐extraction separation methods are discussed.

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Highly selective separation of individual platinum group metals (Pd, Pt, Rh) from acidic chloride media using phosphonium-based ionic liquid in aromatic diluent

Cited by 57 publications

References 51 publications

Solvent extraction of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) with the ionic liquid trioctyl(dodecyl) phosphonium chloride

Solvent extraction of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) with the ionic liquid trioctyl(dodecyl) phosphonium chloride

Extraction and Separation of Pt and Pd by an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Combined with Phosphonium Chloride

Precious Metal Separations

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