Highly Selective Synthesis of Diphenylmethane with Acidic Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Synthesis of diphenylmethane (DPM) from benzene and benzyl chloride with acidic ionic liquids, such as (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 , (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-ZnCl 2 , (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-FeCl 3 , and (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-CuCl 2 , as catalysts was investigated. The results showed that (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 is a highly efficient catalyst. Both the yield and the selectivity of DPM reached up to 100% in the presence of (C 2 H 5 ) 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 as catalyst, when the reaction was carried out at ambient conditions.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels Catalyzed by Fenton‐Like Ionic Liquids at Room Temperature

“…[6] Meanwhile, these ionic liquids have also been applied in extractive desulfurization. [7] In these applications, most attention was paid to the Lewis acidic character of the ionic liquids.…”

Alkylation of aromatic compounds with multi-component Lewis acid catalysts of ZnCl2 and ionic liquids with different organic cations

“…The organic cations mainly determine the solubility, density, and viscosity of ILs. Several workers reported the use of different molar ratios of ILs and inorganic anions [11][12][13]. Catalytic and spectroscopic investigations reveal that the Lewis acidic strength of ILs can be modified by varying the fraction of metal halides in ILs [11,13] and that a higher ratio of metal halide to IL leads to a higher Lewis acidity.…”

“…However, these catalysts have some disadvantages; for example, zeolites and aluminosilicates are frequently used at high temperatures and hence they deactivate due to the coke formation during the reactions [7]. Recently, functionalized ionic liquids have been given more importance in many catalytic processes [8][9][10][11][12]. Notable examples of the application of ILs include the use of chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids as catalysts for a number of organometallic reactions [8,9].…”

“…Notable examples of the application of ILs include the use of chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids as catalysts for a number of organometallic reactions [8,9]. Friedel-Crafts reactions have also been studied using ILs and these studies are focused on using a typical ionic liquid by varying inorganic anions [10][11][12]. However, less attention has been paid to the influence of different organic cations.…”

Basic ionic liquids. A short review

“…Numerous chemical reactions, such as esterification reaction [5][6][7][8][9], cleavages of ethers [10], aldol condensation [11], protection of carbonyls [12][13][14][15][16], Koch carbonylation [17], polymerization [18], hydrogenation, regioselective alkylation and Friedel-Crafts reactions [19][20][21][22], dimerization [23][24], Diels-Alder reactions [25][26], Mannich reaction [27][28], oximation [29], oxidation [30][31][32], Heck reaction [33], Knoevenagel reaction [34][35][36], Henry reactions [37], heterocyclic synthesis [38][39][40][41], cross-coupling reactions and some enzyme reactions can be carried out in ionic liquids.…”