Highly sensitive and fast microgrid protection using optimal coordination scheme and nonstandard tripping characteristics

Application of Time-Voltage Characteristics in Overcurrent Scheme to Reduce Arc-Flash Incident Energy for Safety and Reliability of Microgrid Protection

“…The proposed new optimization problem aims to guarantee the mixed coordination between OCRs and AF in away will not affect the traditional function of OCRs by using WCOM and compared to PSO, as described in following subsection. The new optimization algorithm (WCOM) and common algorithm PSO [10] have been used and employed in this work for solving different operation mode in microgrid. WCOM is mainly carried out through an iteration process.…”

“…Nevertheless, the need for more reliable, efficient, flexible, and cost-effective networks reinforces the trend of transforming DNs into active networks [4][5][6][7]. One of the challenges that microgrids bring, which are one the most important fields of research nowadays, is the coordination of protection schemes Energies 2021, 14, 8074 2 of 19 to be more responsive and reliable in case of faults [8][9][10][11]. The renewable energy resources, or DGs, have converted the conventional DN from a radial system into a multi-looped system.…”

A Symmetrical-Asymmetrical Fault Characteristics Analysis within Cogeneration Power Plant in Izmir, Turkey: An Experimental Assessment

“…In the literature, there are many studies that showed the changes in current and voltage during short circuit which bases on the basis of power system design. Some authors used for demonstrating fault simulation studies and analyses on the IEEE-9 bus [16][17][18], IEEE-14 bus [19] and 39-bus New England System [18], while other authors examined modeled real data based on which are substation in Turkey [20], substation in India [21], wind power plant [17], nuclear power plant [22]. There are many software in the literature that are widely used to perform short circuit analysis, which are Matlab [16,19,20,23], PSCAD [24], Power World Simulator [25,26], ETAP [17,18,21,27] and DigSilent [22,28].…”

“…Some authors used for demonstrating fault simulation studies and analyses on the IEEE-9 bus [16][17][18], IEEE-14 bus [19] and 39-bus New England System [18], while other authors examined modeled real data based on which are substation in Turkey [20], substation in India [21], wind power plant [17], nuclear power plant [22]. There are many software in the literature that are widely used to perform short circuit analysis, which are Matlab [16,19,20,23], PSCAD [24], Power World Simulator [25,26], ETAP [17,18,21,27] and DigSilent [22,28]. As a result of calculating short circuit currents, there are studies for the selection of the protection equipment and determination of the coordination scheme of the protection equipment.…”

“…As a result of calculating short circuit currents, there are studies for the selection of the protection equipment and determination of the coordination scheme of the protection equipment. Different algorithms, heuristic optimizations and adaptive methods are proposed on the coordination scheme for protection method [17,18,23]. Protection coordination and methods are out the scope of this study.…”