Highly Sensitive and Selective Nonenzymatic Detection of Glucose Using Three-Dimensional Porous Nickel Nanostructures

Abstract

Highly sensitive and selective nonenzymatic detection of glucose has been achieved using a novel disposable electrochemical sensor based on three-dimensional (3D) porous nickel nanostructures. The enzyme-free sensor was fabricated through in situ growing porous nickel networks on a homemade screen-printed carbon electrode substrate via electrochemically reducing the Ni(2+) precursor, along with continuously liberating hydrogen bubbles. The resulting nickel-modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and electrochemical techniques. Cyclic voltammetric, alternating-current impedance, and amperometric methods were used to investigate the catalytic properties of the assembled sensor for glucose electro-oxidation in alkaline media. Under optimized conditions, the enzymeless sensor exhibited excellent performance for glucose analysis selectively, offering a much wider linear range (from 0.5 μM to 4 mM), an extremely low detection limit (0.07 μM, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3), and an ultrahigh sensitivity of 2.9 mA/(cm(2) mM). Importantly, favorable reproducibility and long-term performance stability were obtained thanks to the robust frameworks. Application of the proposed sensor in monitoring blood glucose was also demonstrated.

Carnation‐like CuO Hierarchical Nanostructures Assembled by Porous Nanosheets for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

“…Figure 4 (b) shows the amperometric response of the CuO electrode toward glucose electro-oxidation at different potentials upon successive addition of 0.1 mM glucose into 0.15 M NaOH solution. As can be seen, the CuO electrode almost exhibits no catalytic activity toward electro-oxidation of glucose when the applied potential is below 0.1 V. The anodic current at the CuO electrode increases with the increase of the applied potential in the range of 0.20 .4 V, and decreases with further increase of the applied potential because that high potential could promote fast oxidation of glucose, which would lead to accumulation of intermediates and reaction products on the electrode surface and block of the catalytic active sites, and thus further oxidation of glucose being hindered [15]. This fact indicates the CuO electrode exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation at an applied potential of 0.4 V, which is lower than the detection potentials needed by most of other CuO-based enzymeless glucose sensors [22,24,28,29,33].…”

“…However, their prohibitive price and vulnerability to Cl À poisoning impede their practical applications [9]. To circumvent these problems, earth-abundant transition metals [15], oxides [16,17], hydroxides [18,19] and sulfides [20] have been intensively investigated as cost-effective alternative for enzymeless glucose biosensor application. Especially, CuO has drawn much attention due to its high electrochemical activity, good stability, and lower overpotential for electron transfer reactions [21].…”

Three‐dimensional Porous Palladium Foam‐like Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for Glucose Biofuel Cells

“…[4] Recent progress furtherp roves that exactly controlling the size,s hape,a nd composition of the metallic catalysts could adjustt heir electrocatalytic properties,i mprove their performances,a nd provide them ab road opportunity to application in biology,m edicine,e nergy,a nd other fields. [5] Porous metallic catalysts become promising candidates as electrocatalysts of non-enzymatic GBFCs on account of their advanced electrical conductivity and abundant active area. In recentd ecades,p orous metal nanocatalysts of nickel, copper, silicon, tin, and silverh ave been electrodeposited by the hydrogent emplatem ethod.…”

Cu2+1O/graphene nanosheets supported on three dimensional copper foam for sensitive and efficient non-enzymatic detection of glucose

“…6 Another type is enzyme-free glucose sensor which without the use of glucose oxidase and avoid the drawbacks such as the high cost and instability of enzyme. Transition metals (Ni, Cu) and their oxide (NiO, CuO) have been extensively used in non-enzymatic glucose sensing [7][8][9] attributed to the outstanding redox activities in electrochemical catalytic processes, and in conventional fabrication process, the transition metals were prepared in the form of nanoparticle powder, and they are modied on an conductive substrate with the addition of the polymer-Naon, however, polymeric binder is not active for glucose sensing, which may hinder the electrochemical catalytic sites, and thus inuence the glucose sensitivity. 10 In addition, due to the increased charge transfer resistance from the polymer binder, the electrochemical performance would inevitably be inuenced.…”