Mercury poses a significant threat to human health and
the environment,
and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a drinking
water threshold of mercury (10 nM). Therefore, developing an environmentally
friendly, on-site mercury ion (Hg2+) detection is highly
desirable. Based on the synergetic catalysis of gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) and mercury, a simple and ultrasensitive colorimetric method
for the determination of Hg2+ was established. The innovation
of this work is to propose a strategy based on the self-assembly of
two-dimensional (2D) AuNPs for colorimetric detection of Hg2+. The AuNPs are self-assembled into a densely arranged 2D AuNP layer
at the liquid/liquid interface between dimethyl carbonate and water,
which converts from the disordered distribution of AuNPs in 3D space
to an orderly 2D AuNP layer distribution. This avoids the shortcomings
of poor repeatability and weak detection signals caused by the uneven
sampling before and greatly plays the catalytic role of each AuNP.
In this work, gold amalgam catalyzes colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
(TMB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to yield
blue-green oxidized TMB (oxTMB), realizing the colorimetric quantitative
detection of Hg2+ in water systems. In this process, the
formation of gold amalgam greatly improves the catalytic ability of
AuNPs, and the detection limit of mercury ions is as low as 0.021
nM. The practical application of this sensor in the determination
of Hg2+ in tap water samples has also been successfully
verified, providing an effective method for environmental monitoring.