Highly sensitive and wide-range nonenzymatic disposable glucose sensor based on a screen printed carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and Pd-CuO nanoparticles

Abstract

A nanocomposite consisting of reduced graphene oxide decorated with palladium-copper oxide nanoparticles (Pd-CuO/rGO) was synthesized by single-step chemical reduction. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanocomposite were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. A 3-electrode system was fabricated by screen printing technology and the PdCuO/rGO nanocomposite was dropcast on the carbon working electrode. The catalytic activity towards glucose in 0.2 M NaOH solutions was analyzed by linear sweep voltammetry and amperometry. The steady state current obtained at a constant potential of +0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) showed the modified electrode to possess a wide analytical range (6 μM to 22 mM), a rather low limit of detection (30 nM), excellent sensitivity (3355 μA mM −1 cm −2 ) and good selectivity over commonly interfering species and other sugars including fructose, sucrose and lactose. The sensor was successfully employed to the determination of glucose in blood serum.

Oxygen Vacancies Enhancing Electrocatalysis Performance of Porous Copper Oxide

“…We have worked out the sensitivity of synthesized sample S1 and it even reached up to surprising 10 490.45 (µA m m −1 cm −2 ). All above results exhibit that the glucose sensor based on sample S1 has the characteristics of the highest sensitivity and as‐assembled sensor is much higher than that of many noble metal‐based and Cu‐based electrocatalysis . Above excellent electrocatalytic performances of sample S1 may thanks to the oxygen vacancies which can increase the rate that electron reaches to the surface to increase reaction probability as trapping centers.…”

“…In order to further verify the sensor performance, we have compared our work to some of others' nonenzymatic sensor as shown in Tables 1 and 2 . Obviously, the linear range detection and detection limit of glucose for sample S1 is better than those materials.…”

“…Furthermore, we used the porous CuO particles with oxygen vacancies as an electrocatalyst for glucose, and superior catalytic performance were obtained by electrochemical tests due to the existing of oxygen vacancies. The developed sensor displayed high sensitivity of 10 490.45 µA m m −1 cm −2 and good anti‐interference ability, which is prior than many previous noble metal‐based and Cu‐based electrocatalysts …”

“…Cu‐based materials have emerged quickly in recent years. Compared with most noble metals, they are cheap and abundant . Meanwhile, they have the ability to promote electron transfer reactions and are supplied with good electrochemical activity .…”

Graphene‐based Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Fabrication and Sensing Properties

“…By introducing transition metals, bimetallic PtNi , PdCu supported on graphene have been fabricated and applied to the oxidation of glucose. Recently, metal oxides such as CuO and NiO were also introduced in the Pt or Pd nonenzymatic glucose sensing systems and the electrocatalytic activities were enhanced because of the synergistic effect between rGO, noble metal and metal oxide. For example, Wang et al.…”