Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of glucose and uric acid in biological fluids using chitosan-modified paper microfluidic devices

Abstract

This paper describes the modification of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) with chitosan to improve the analytical performance of colorimetric measurements associated with enzymatic bioassays. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer extensively used to modify biosensing surfaces due to its capability of providing a suitable microenvironment for the direct electron transfer between an enzyme and a reactive surface. This hypothesis was investigated using glucose and uric acid (UA) colorimetric assays as model systems. The best colorimetric sensitivity for glucose and UA was achieved using a chromogenic solution composed of 4-aminoantipyrine and sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzenesulfonate (4-AAP/DHBS), which provided a linear response for a concentration range between 0.1 and 1.0 mM. Glucose and UA were successfully determined in artificial serum samples with accuracies between 87 and 114%. The limits of detection (LODs) found for glucose and UA assays were 23 and 37 μM, respectively. The enhanced analytical performance of chitosan-modified μPADs allowed the colorimetric detection of glucose in tear samples from four nondiabetic patients. The achieved concentration levels ranged from 130 to 380 μM. The modified μPADs offered analytical reliability and accuracy as well as no statistical difference from the values achieved through a reference method. Based on the presented results, the proposed μPAD can be a powerful alternative tool for non-invasive glucose analysis.

Paper-based analytical devices for clinical diagnosis: recent advances in the fabrication techniques and sensing mechanisms

“…Recently, chitosan has been used to modify the surface of μPADs [85]. The fabricated device has demonstrated lower LOD values, i.e.…”

Detection of chikungunya virus‐specific IgM on laser‐cut paper‐based device using pseudo‐particles as capture antigen

“…Thus, chitosan coating and glutaraldehyde cross‐linking were used to modify the surface of the PAD to covalently immobilize antibodies on it. Moreover, these compounds simultaneously enhance the wet‐strength of the PAD and the stability of immobilized antibodies, because chitosan is readily compatible with paper and imparts improved mechanical strength to the paper However, no significant difference in sensitivity was observed in comparison with the PADs that were not functionalized with chitosan and glutaraldehyde.…”

A Review on Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Glucose Detection

“…Chen et al [4] replaced TBHBA with N -ethyl- N (3-sulfopropyl)-3-methyl-aniline sodium salt (TOPS) and used TOPS/4-APP in μPAD for glucose detection, which showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 38.1 μM. Gabriel et al [96] used 4-AAP and sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzenesulfonate (DHBS) as the chromogenic solution. Chitosan was involved to improve the sensing performance of glucose in tear samples and the detection limit was 0.023 mM.…”