Highly sensitive detection method of dibenzyl disulfide and the elucidation of the mechanism

Toyama, S; Tanimura, Junji; Yamada, Naoya; Nagao, E.; Amimoto, T.

doi:10.1109/tdei.2009.4815186

Cited by 110 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The aging by-products deposited on the insulation paper cannot be removed. The decreased breakdown performance of sample II and sample III was largely attributed to the by-product copper sulfide (Cu2S) because of the physical/chemical interaction between DBDS and copper, as shown in Figure 7 [14]. DBDS, is a corrosive sulfur that can attack copper windings under certain conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space Charge Behavior in Paper Insulation Induced by Copper Sulfide in High-Voltage Direct Current Power Transformers

Liao

Yang

et al. 2015

Energies

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Abstract:The main insulation system in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transformer consists of oil-paper insulation. The formation of space charge in insulation paper is crucial for the dielectric strength. Unfortunately, space charge behavior changes because of the corrosive sulfur substance in oil. This paper presents the space charge behavior in insulation paper induced by copper sulfide generated by corrosive sulfur in insulation oil. Thermal aging tests of paper-wrapped copper strip called the pigtail model were conducted at 130 °C in laboratory. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface of copper and paper. Pulse electroacoustic (PEA) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) methods were used to obtain the space charge behavior in paper. Results showed that both maximum and total amount of space charge increased for the insulation paper contaminated by semi-conductor chemical substance copper sulfide. The space charge decay rate of contaminated paper was significantly enhanced after the polarization voltage was removed. The TSC results revealed that copper sulfide increased the trap density and lowered the shallow trap energy levels. These results contributed to charge transportation by de-trapping and trapping processes. This improved charge transportation could be the main reason for the decreased breakdown voltage of paper insulation material. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 8111

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have proven that the deposition on the copper surface and paper surface is copper sulfide substance (mainly Cu2S) [14]. The electrical properties of the paper material changed because of the emergence of this kind of substance as result of its semi-conductive nature [15].…”

Section: Electrical Properties Of Insulation Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Charge Behavior in Paper Insulation Induced by Copper Sulfide in High-Voltage Direct Current Power Transformers

Liao

Yang

et al. 2015

Energies

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“…Under operation conditions, DBDS is known to further copper corrosion in electric equipment, by forming copper (I) sulfide Cu2S as the main product, with the subsequent production of other sulfur compounds such as benzyl sulfide and dibenzyl sulphide. In spite of successive studies about the chemical phenomenon, the mechanism remains unclear [39][40][41][42] . Since DBDS is related to the commonly used thiol molecules, in the well-known thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on metal surfaces, 9,[43][44][45] , the analysis of the metal-sulfur bond is important to complete the already known information on the chemical properties of this type of systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dibenzyl disulfide adsorption on Cu(111) surface: a DFT study

2015

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The adsorption of dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) on a Cu(111) surface model was investigated by using density functional (DFT) calculations, considering energetic and electronic aspects. Several complexes were generated, where the bridge, hollow hcp, hollow fcc and top adsorption sites were considered. The results show that the Cu-S interaction guides the final complexes, and a secondary π-Cu weak interaction confers an extra stability. The complexes were grouped as physi-or chemi-sorption according to their adsorption energy applying a distortion decomposition model, with a preference by a double interaction of S with Cu (i.e. hollow hcp, and bridge sites). A degree of disulfide bond dissociation was observed in the complexes, being correlated with adsorption energies. From an electronic aspect, it was found that the electronic flow from copper to DBDS occurs in the most stables complexes, checked with charge analysis.These results are agreed with experimental revelations of copper corrosion on power transformers.

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“…Removal of compounds such as DBDS is successful in almost all reclamations [3,4,5]. In recent times, cases of transformers becoming corrosive to either copper or silver following reclamation of aged oil have been reported.…”

Section: B Corrosive Oil Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver corrosion in transformers

Holt

Facciotti

Amaro

et al. 2013

2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena

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The impact of corrosive sulfur on high value assets such as transformers is widely reported and can be considered a global problem. A great deal of research and development is focused on the remediation of corrosive transformers and the mitigation of future corrosion. Regeneration of aged and or corrosive oil by filtration through bauxite clays is a common method for removal of polar molecules and many sulfurous compounds such as dibenzyl-disulfide (DBDS). This process is largely successful, although over the last several years, increased corrosion and even total failure of transformers has been linked with the reclamation process. In some cases, the corrosion associated with a recent reclamation is selective for silver rather than copper. By thoroughly understanding the chemistry occurring during aged oil reclamation, it will be possible to take appropriate measures to limit the formation of corrosive species during future reclamation and regeneration processes. There is a requirement to minimize the amount of oil wastage during reclamation for both environmental and commercial reasons. It is also important that any changes made to the reclamation process do not have a detrimental effect on the health and lifeexpectancy of the transformer. This paper describes studies carried out to track the total sulfur content of oil samples taken from two different locations (transformer main tank and reclamation rig buffer tank), at multiple time intervals during an oil reclamation procedure. By tracking the total sulfur content, it is possible to determine when and where maximum sulfur accumulation occurs, possibly indicating the best point at which a portion of oil should be disposed. Once a fuller understanding of the sulfur content is obtained, GC-MS will be used to gain a detailed understanding of the types of sulfurous species present in the oil.

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Highly sensitive detection method of dibenzyl disulfide and the elucidation of the mechanism

Cited by 110 publications

References 3 publications

Space Charge Behavior in Paper Insulation Induced by Copper Sulfide in High-Voltage Direct Current Power Transformers

Space Charge Behavior in Paper Insulation Induced by Copper Sulfide in High-Voltage Direct Current Power Transformers

Dibenzyl disulfide adsorption on Cu(111) surface: a DFT study

Silver corrosion in transformers

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