Highly Sensitive Elemental Analysis for Cd and Pb by Liquid Electrode Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry with Quartz Glass Chip and Sample Flow

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a highly sensitive liquid-electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LEP-AES) by combination of quartz glass chip and sample flow system. LEP-AES is an ultracompact elemental analysis method, in which the electroconductive sample solution is put into a microfluidic channel whose center is made narrower (∼100 μm in width). When high voltage pulses (1500 V) are applied at both ends of the channel, the sample evaporates locally at the narrow part and generates plasma. By the emission from the plasma, elemental concentration is analyzed. In this paper, the limits of detection (LODs) were investigated in various conditions of accumulation time, material of the chip, and the sample flow. It was found that the long accumulation using the quartz chip with sample flow was effective to improve LOD. Authors suggested that this was because bubbles remaining after each plasma pulse were removed from the narrow channel by sample flow, resulting in highly reproducible plasma generation, to enable a high accumulation effect. Finally, LODs were calculated from a calibration curve, to be 0.52 μg/L for Cd and 19.0 μg/L for Pb at optimized condition. Sub-ppb level LOD was achieved for Cd.

Chelating Materials Immobilizing Carboxymethylated Pentaethylenehexamine and Polyethyleneimine as Ligands

“…This preconcentration system was successfully combined with liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LEP-AES), in which the volume of the sample solution required for the measurement is less than 0.1 mL. [75][76][77][78] For the analyses of the certified reference materials (EnviroMAT TM EU-L-I and ES-L-1), the obtained values were in good agreement with the certified values, although Cd was not detected from these certified reference materials by LEP-AES without preconcentration using the CM-PEHA resin. 71 The recovery of As using the CM-PEHA resin was insufficient.…”

Determination of Hg, Fe, Ni, and Co by Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometry Integrated with Flow Injection Photochemical Vapor Generation and Point Discharge

“…Significant effort has been devoted to design a compact and efficient excitation source for OES [3][4][5] . Among these, miniaturized plasmas are preferred and widely used as promising excitation sources because of their small size and low power and gas consumption [6][7][8][9] .…”

Advances in dielectric barrier discharge-optical emission spectrometry for the analysis of trace species

“…2, 3 This kind of OES systems are usually furnished with a small-size excitation source, a compact optical system and a miniature charge-coupled device (CCD) or other photodetector, and meanwhile a well matched sampling approach is highly necessary. Among those approaches, 35 dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-OES systems exhibiting a series of distinct features have attracted extensive attentions in the field of trace elemental analysis, since the first report of DBD as a novel radiation source. 4,5 As a kind of non-equilibrium gas discharge, DBD generates a 40 non-thermal micro-plasma at atmospheric pressure, which is formed between two parallel electrodes covered by a dielectric barrier at an appropriate high frequency and high alternating voltage.…”

“…The aim of the present mini-review is to present and discuss 35 the latest progress of DBD-OES system for trace element species analysis by using DBD micro-plasma as a radiation source, meanwhile future perspectives are also depicted.…”