“…Nowadays, electrochemical techniques gained interest as being simple, sensitive, reliable, and affordable to use. 20 , 21 From the last decade, for hypoxanthine or xanthine detection, various conducting polymer-based nanocomposite biosensors are of interest such as polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate (PPy-PTS) films, 22 polypyrrole- para -toluenesulfonate (PPy-pTS), 23 disposable amperometric biosensor with a screen-printed electrode, gold nanoparticles with single-walled carbon nano-horn (GNPs/SWCNH), 24 polymeric mediator/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) 25 reduced graphene oxide/iron oxide bio-nanocomposite interface, 26 polymerized 10-[4 H -dithieno (3,2- b : 2′,3′- d ) pyrrole-4-yl] decane-1-amine film, 27 and so forth. However, these biosensors show a higher limit of detection, and the linear range may be due to slow electron transfer, poor stability, reusability, fragility, and poor absorption ability, which created requirement for introducing a system with a highly desirable lower detection limit and fast electron transfer.…”